No, they didn't. Let's review, shall way?
1. I am the Lord thy God. (Not, to my knowledge, currently enshrined in secular law.)
2. No graven images of what is in the heavens above. (Nope, no law there, either.)
3. Do not take the Lord's name in vain. (Goddammit! No laws broken there...)
4. Remember the Sabbath day and keep it holy. (Blue laws not withstanding, there's really no secular law keeping me from doing whatever the $%^& I want on Shabbos.)
5. Honor your father and mother. (Do I really need to even go there?)
6. Thou shalt not kill/murder. (OK, something secular, finally. However, I think I can safely say that the secular prohibition against wacking people dates back before the Ten C.)
7. Thou shalt not commit adultery. (Definitely no secular law here.)
8. Thou shalt not steal. (The second one enshrined in law, but again, this goes back before the Commandments.)
9. Thou shalt not bear false witness. (Debatable, I suppose. Lying is perfectly legal, except under certain legal conditions--and that's more of a practical need to try and keep witnesses honest than a holdover from the ten commandments.)
10. No covetting of other people's stuff. (Well, hell, wanting other people's stuff is the basis of capitalist economy. How are you going to form a law against that?)
So, final score:
Two commandments that are definitely in secular law, however, it seems that in those cases the Big Ten are based on the secular law rather than vice-versa. Or there's widespread agreement that killing and stealing are Bad.
One commandment (bearing false witness) that could be considered the basis of a secular law, but the law seems more based on practical need than religious imperative.
So at best we're talking 3/10, and those three are questionable as to whether they REALLY "form the basis of secular law."