The solution is to make all schools successful ...
I wonder why no one ever thought of that?
Let's be real. Some kids will fail. If we concentrate a bunch of failing kids into the same school, that school will fail. It doesn't matter who you hire or how much you pay them, if education isn't a high priority for the parents, it won't be for the kids, and the school will fail. Our public school system guarantees that a whole bunch of uninvolved parents will be clustered together, and that will produce a failing school, and because the school attendance is closely correlated with where you live, there will be a failing neighborhood.
There is no solution that doesn't involve school choice, because I will not send my child to a school with a whole lot of failures. Under our current public school system, what that means is that if I live in a bad neighborhood, I will move before my child starts school, because I know that it doesn't matter how good the teachers are, or how many there are, or how much they are paid, if his classmates are children of a bunch of uninvolved, uninterested, not very bright parents, then his classmates will be on that path as well, and they will drag him down. Therefore, I will be absolutely certain that my kid doesn't go to school with them. With public schools as the only choice, I'll move.
Well how are they rated in charter schools?
If parents think that the teachers stink, they don't re-enroll their children.
It's an informal system, but administrators still pay close attention to it.
Do you really think that the parents who jump through the hoops to get their kids into a charter school stop their involvement as soon as the acceptance letter arrives?
Exactly. That's why it is so important to have those schools. A parent who sends his kid to that school will see that not only his own child, but also his child's classmates, are likely to be people who care about their children's education, and are actually willing to do the work to be involved in it. If no such school exists, then they will pack up and head to the suburbs where such a school exists. Of course, to do that, they have to have enough money to afford the higher housing costs, which results in extreme income based segregation. If you are poor, and the public school is the only option available, there is no way to send your kid to a school where parents value their education.