So what questions would you ask to determine if a person would make a good citizen of the US? I'm darned if I can think of a fool proof set for the UK, any better luck for the US?
A good citizen? I have no opinion about that. A naturalized citizen on par with the majority of born citizens? I can think of a couple ways to go about it.
One way is, test what's taught. Survey your citizens on a wide range of civics and geography subjects. Whatever the majority of current citizens know, write a test of that knowledge.
Another way is, teach what's tested. For that, you can even keep the current test. Just make sure your educational system really locks in that particular collection of national trivia by the time the majority of students graduate.
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My guess is the test writers are half-assing some middle ground approach: Testing a selection of civics and geography material from the elementary school curricula, and naively assuming it's stuff most people would therefore know.
The truth is, the vast majority of what we're taught in school has little practical value, and need not be retained past the final exam. Nobody needs to know what the capital of anything is, off the top of their head. Very few people think about how taxation actually works, or what their representative actually does. Where Canadia ranks in terms of land area is completely inconsequential trivia.
Asking adults to reach back and remember a bunch of elementary school civics trivia, information that doesn't inform their daily lives, that they don't have to exercise regularly, is a fool's game. Now, if this were to be locked in with mnemonics and other didactic tools, to make sure the information was retained, whether it gets regular exercise or not, it would be a different matter.
I suppose that testing the elementary school civics and geography curricula will be the more attractive approach. But that would put a lot of burden on Canadian educators, to really up their game. For that and other reasons, I favor the approach of just testing what's actually known. Find out what Canadiana is actually retained by Canadians, and make that the standard.