Why are you a libertarian?

Victor Danilchenko

Renaissance Man
Joined
Jul 15, 2002
Messages
716
While I meant to ask this question of Shane specifically, I think it would be interesting to get answers from others as well. i didn't make this a poll, because the issue is relatively complex, and a poll would trivialize the answers into near-uselessness. I would much rather see verbal responses.

Broadly, there are two ideologies leading to libertarianism. They are not discreet, but they to define the major trends.
  1. You believe in natural rights theory.
    You think that humans are endowed with natural rights, which supercede everything else. Any non-libertarian state is morally wrong, regardless of its other properties.
  2. You are a utilitarian, and reject the idea of 'social justice'.
    This means you are an "empirical" libertarian. You maintain libertarian ideals because you are convinced, based on empirical data, that market is indeed almost always superior to government intervention in terms of economic efficiency, and that, given the major (but not all-overriding!) role of liberty, the government role should be absolutely positively minimal.
How mind you, both "natural rights" libertarians and empirical libertarians would give a primary role to individual rights. However, to a "natural rights" libertarians, nothing beyond this point matters -- even if hypothetically the state intervention was indisputably proven superior in a given domain, this wouldn't make any difference to the former type: such a state intervention would be fundamentally unethical. Contrawise, an empirical libertarian who was proven that the state intervention leads to improved efficiency in a given domain (e.g. if the standard assumptions are false, and the state intervention can correct that failure), would be bound to agree that, under such conditions, the state intervention would be justified.

An example of "natural rights" libertarian would be Nozick; empirical libertarians are famously represented by Hayek and Friedman. Empirical libertarians often support very minimal taxation and an extremely austere (but extant) welfare state -- only to relieve utter destitution for example.

So, which one are you -- natural rights, or empirical libertarian? Are you somewhere in between (i.e. an empirical libertarian who given a nearly-1.0, but not quite 1.0, normalized weight to liberty)? Do you have some other reason altogether to be a libertarian?
 
I'm both. And if you'll look at the nature of my arguments, you'll see that they encompass both the principled and the practical.
 
shanek

I'm both.
As I thought I made rather clear, you cannot be both, although you can give different non-zero weights to efficiency considerations. However, you cannot both give empirical factors a non-zero weight (as an empirical libertarian), and not give them a non-zero weight (as a natural-rights libertarians). The two states are mutually-exclusive (fuzzily so).

And if you'll look at the nature of my arguments, you'll see that they encompass both the principled and the practical.
The fact that you argue for efficiency of markets, does not imply that the said efficiency matters to you in determining your views.

So, a simple lithmus test, which I outlined in my previous post: hypothetically, had you been proven that the state intervention leads to increased efficiency in a given domain, would you then support the said state intervention? It's a simple question: a natural-rights libertarian would answer "no" (because such intervention violates natural rights, regardless of efficiency); and an empirical libertarian would say "yes", provided the efficiency difference would be great enough.

Remember, an empirical libertarian does give great weight to liberty -- it's just not the normalized weight of 1.0, the liberty considerations don't override all economic considerations. If your reasons are both principle-based and economic, then you would be an empirical libertarian; if you are a natural-rights libertarian, then empirical considerations are not relevant to determining your beliefs about libertarianism, and only matter as evangelizing tools.
 
A truly informed, well-written post, Victor. In other threads I've attempted to ask similar questions for the purposes of distinction. Unfortunately, non-responses like the following are typical:

shanek said:
I'm both. And if you'll look at the nature of my arguments, you'll see that they encompass both the principled and the practical.
 
I'm more of the second type. Free market forces generally respond faster to changes (social, technical/whatnot) than centralized control and provide greater options than the more normal one-size-fits-all solutions most governments prefer to reduce management overhead.
Granted, its not perfect. Sometimes it runs roughshod over a minority, but then that is where a little bit of centralized government comes in handy.

Actually this sort of encompasses both options.
I believe that individuals have "natural rights" and that while the free market normally serves best, sometimes the totality is best served by curbing the rights of the individual.
 
Victor Danilchenko said:
As I thought I made rather clear, you cannot be both,

Screw you. I can be both, and I am both. Deal with it.

The two states are mutually-exclusive (fuzzily so).

Not at all. I have successfully been both for years.
 
I was drawn to a libertarian-like philosophy when I took econ 101 in college, though at the time I didn't even know there was a name for it (I blame government schools for that -- the ignorance of the existence of the philosophy, not the being drawn to libertarianism!)

However, when I learned more, I found that I was definitely a "natural rights" believer. I understand your thinking here, i.e. "would you be a natural rights libertarian even if it meant a less wealthy society?" My answer today is, "yes."

However, the beauty of libertarianism, as Shane says, is that not only does the philosophy respect natural rights, but "luckily" it also results in the maximization of wealth. While I would now support libertarianism regardless of its utilitarianism, and Shane (and others) may or may not, we believe we'll never have to make that decision in the real world. I think that's the point Shane is making above.

As a postscript, I'd like to add that finding this world of skepticism in the last couple of years (primarily through randi.org) and atheism as well, has been very welcome, as I find that these philosophies seem to mesh rather well. I take that easy dovetailing as evidence that each has a firm foundation without contradictions. It's like finding the last pieces to a jigsaw puzzle.

And, like skepticism, I can put on my "libertarian" glasses when confronted with a new issue, and I can almost always find -- without forcing reality to fit my paradigm -- that libertarianism has a just AND utilitarian solution.
 
shanek said:
Screw you. I can be both, and I am both. Deal with it.

Not at all. I have successfully been both for years.
I don't see why you couldn't be both.
 
Screw you. I can be both, and I am both. Deal with it.

*Sigh*. You misunderstood the question, as usual. These misunderstandings have a way of propagating themselves.

Witness:
RichardR wroteI don't see why you couldn't be both.

No, the parent post refers to the foundation upon which your libertarian beliefs rest: "Broadly, there are two ideologies leading to libertarianism."

Certainly an advocate of the natural rights view could believe (mistakenly, in my opinion) that those rights entail a market system consistent with Utilitarianism.

Some Utilitarians (e.g. Milton Friedman, son David) believe that natural rights are a useful, if imaginary, construct for maximizing utility. They begin by asking, "how do we accomplish the greatest good for the greatest number?" And conclude by answering that humans endowed with "economic freedoms" best accomplishes that moral goal. "Natural rights" are a means to an end.

The opposite view has been taken by Ayn Rand, the most popular and influential philosopher among libertarians:

The moral justification of capitalism does not lie in the altruist claim that it represents the best way to achieve 'the common good.' It is true that capitalism does—if that catch-phrase has any meaning—but this is merely a secondary consequence. The moral justification for capitalism lies in the fact that it is the only system consonant with man's rational nature, that it protects man's survival qua man, and that its ruling principle is: justice.

At least "Libertarian" understood the question, but I think he errors here:

As a postscript, I'd like to add that finding this world of skepticism in the last couple of years (primarily through randi.org) and atheism as well, has been very welcome, as I find that these philosophies seem to mesh rather well.

Thomas Nagel's review of _Anarchy, State and Utopia_ was titled "Libertarianism without foundations," and for good reason. Natural rights theory is consistent with pre-Darwinian enlightenment philosophy because those thinkers believed a God endowed us with rights. But for the atheist, where do these rights come from?

Robert Nozick begins his most famous work as follows:

"Individuals have rights, and there are things no person or group may do to them (without violating their rights)."

That's all well and good, but to whom, or what, do we owe the existence of these rights? It only makes sense in a religious framework. As Bentham declared, "Nonsense on stilts."
 
For what it's worth I am libertarian. Small "l". I believe firmly in capitalism and I believe that less regualtion is better than more. That is not to say that there should be no regulation. I also believe that government has no place in our personal lives. That said I am off topic and wondering why I responded. :D
 
Cain said:


That's all well and good, but to whom, or what, do we owe the existence of these rights? It only makes sense in a religious framework. As Bentham declared, "Nonsense on stilts."

Isn't this the same thing as saying morals only make sense in a religious framework? I disagree!
 
Originally posted by Cain
A truly informed, well-written post, Victor.

:rolleyes:


In other threads I've attempted to ask similar questions for the purposes of distinction. Unfortunately, non-responses like the following are typical:

Originally posted by shanek
I'm both. And if you'll look at the nature of my arguments, you'll see that they encompass both the principled and the practical.

Um ... how does his response qualify as a "non-response"? For some real "non-responses", you ought to take a look at the posts of some libertarian critics. In fact, I just reviewed our exchanges from a few months ago on this topic, and you really don't have much room at all to be commenting on anyone else's lack of responsiveness. In that thread, you became quite evasive when it came to backing up some of the bullsh*t you were posting about libertarians. Evasiveness is apparently not the only trait you share with Victor, as you also became increasingly hostile and insulting in response to being called on that evasiveness. Two peas in a pod.
 
Originally posted by shanek
Screw you. I can be both, and I am both. Deal with it.

Originally posted by Cain
*Sigh*. You misunderstood the question, as usual.

*Sigh* Telling people they've misunderstood things is also a hallmark of libertarian critics. Well, get ready for a taste of your own medicine later in this post.


No, the parent post refers to the foundation upon which your libertarian beliefs rest: "Broadly, there are two ideologies leading to libertarianism."

What a surprise that you'd share Victor's assessment of what the two choices should be.


The opposite view has been taken by Ayn Rand, the most popular and influential philosopher among libertarians:

Well, I guess she might be the most popular and influential philosopher among libertarians who are influenced by philosophers. But for most of us, she is completely irrelevant.


Thomas Nagel's review of _Anarchy, State and Utopia_ was titled "Libertarianism without foundations," and for good reason.

Nope, not so much. As we'll see, pretty much the only "good reason" you're able to come up with is just a reflection of your own inability to comprehend a basic concept.


Natural rights theory is consistent with pre-Darwinian enlightenment philosophy because those thinkers believed a God endowed us with rights.

:rolleyes:

Some people are waaaaay too full of themselves, and of all the stuff they've read. I'm not sure who you think you're talking about, but, as with our discussion a few months ago, most of this stuff is irrelevant to the views of most libertarians anyway.


But for the atheist, where do these rights come from?

Where do they "come from" for anyone?


Robert Nozick begins his most famous work as follows: "Individuals have rights, and there are things no person or group may do to them (without violating their rights)." That's all well and good, but to whom, or what, do we owe the existence of these rights?

For most of us who are able to formulate ideas about such things on our own, the answer is nobody. In my own case, the primary foundation for recognition of these rights is a profound respect for individual sovereignty.


It only makes sense in a religious framework.

That you may be incapable of comprehending it without a religious framework does not mean everyone else suffers from the same limitation. However, if someone taking the position that there are no rights wanted to be consistent, then they would have to agree there is also no right to violate anyone else's sovereignty anyway, wouldn't they?


As Bentham declared, "Nonsense on stilts."

Kind of reminds me of just about all criticisms of libertarianism.


Finally, I'm sure everyone is impressed with how much you and Victor can read, and quote authors. Sadly, you both should probably devote a bit more attention to thinking for yourselves, and questioning some of those things you think you know.
 
Libertarian said:


Isn't this the same thing as saying morals only make sense in a religious framework? I disagree!

It's not the same thing. Morals can have justifications based on many things besides appeals to religious authority: Logic, experience, etc... "Natural rights" are supposed to exist as a basis for morality, or at least, before questions of morality can even be asked (or so I gather). If they exist independently then, they demand an external source for their existence. That source could be god, it could be the nature of the universe, or it could be something I can't think of. That said, is there any evidence to suggest that "natural right" are anything more than a convenient fiction (not to say they're an alltogether bad fiction, but a fiction nonetheless)?

Mike
 
mfeldman said:
"Natural rights" are supposed to exist as a basis for morality, or at least, before questions of morality can even be asked (or so I gather).

I disagree. I don't see how the concept of natural rights has anything to do with morality. Natural rights doesn't say anything about how you get involved in others' lives; morality is about exactly that.
 
shanek said:


I disagree. I don't see how the concept of natural rights has anything to do with morality. Natural rights doesn't say anything about how you get involved in others' lives; morality is about exactly that.

My point was that natural rights are supposed to be pre-existing, independent of human affairs, correct? And any truly ethical moral system must respect them, right? So in that sense, natural rights define morality, in part at least. If your behavior violates someone's natural rights, it's probably not moral, and vice versa. I don't see the problem with using natural rights as a basis for a moral code IF it can be shown that natural rights do exist, OR it's understood they are merely assumed/accepted as a basis for said morality.

Mike
 
WMT1 said:


*Sigh* Telling people they've misunderstood things is also a hallmark of libertarian critics. Well, get ready for a taste of your own medicine later in this post.

Victor was not criticising Libertarianism in any way, he was asking a question on the belief in libertarianism.

Victor's question seems to have gone over the heads of all the libertarians here.
 
Um ... how does his response qualify as a "non-response"? For some real "non-responses", you ought to take a look at the posts of some libertarian critics. In fact, I just reviewed our exchanges from a few months ago on this topic, and you really don't have much room at all to be commenting on anyone else's lack of responsiveness.

Oh, I reviewed that thread before posting. Good times. Your "responses" were funny. Hilarious. I see nothing has changed. Shanek's comments amount to a "non-response" for reasons already explained: Victory asked Libertarians* about the *foundation* for their beliefs, and it's only one or the other. Indeed, as I said in a previous post, I attempted to ask for similar distinctions. Instead I got posts like his (and posts like yours).

In that thread, you became quite evasive when it came to backing up some of the bullsh*t you were posting about libertarians. Evasiveness is apparently not the only trait you share with Victor, as you also became increasingly hostile and insulting in response to being called on that evasiveness. Two peas in a pod. [/B]

Ah, yes, more of the same vague references. You mean how in those previous threads I quoted the Libertarian Party's platform several times (and provided links numerous times) and you just plugged your ears, closed your eyes and changed "Na na na na na na." Yeah, that was also funny -- painfully so.

OTHER POST:

What a surprise that you'd share Victor's assessment of what the two choices should be.

Feel free to demonstrate how Victor's assessment of the situation misses the mark. To anyone who plays the tiniest attention to these debates among political philosophers, he perfectly captured the main disagreements between Libertarian philosophers. But seeing as how you don't have the slightest grasp of these elementary issuses, and will avoid at all costs my challenge to show where Victor's analysis errors, this is a moot point.

Well, I guess she might be the most popular and influential philosopher among libertarians who are influenced by philosophers. But for most of us, she is completely irrelevant

I don't know who "most of us" speaks for, but that's fine. I do not deny that party hacks like Shanek and yourself pay zero attention to political philosophy -- that's obvious. However, inside the intellectual circles critical to the movement academically, she's always a subject of discussion. Murray Rothbard, Robert Nozick and others found her inspirational, but reject many of her ideas.

Where do [rights] "come from" for anyone?

I'm lumping this with another poster's comments on morality. Rights, which are predicated on preferences, come from our interactions with other human beings. But they're hardly "natural" in any meaningful sense of the word (as any first year anthropology student knows). This introduces potential complications for clear discussion: do we regard everything as "natural"? So the computer that I'm using to type this message natural? I can agree to these terms, but it changes perspective.

For most of us who are able to formulate ideas about such things on our own, the answer is nobody. In my own case, the primary foundation for recognition of these rights is a profound respect for individual sovereignty.

That's fine, but it's hardly "natural." Natural would be deriving an "ought" from an "is" and I cannot readily agree that a respect for individual sovereignty -- though I may agree with those aims -- is easily integrated into the Dariwnian paradigm. Nature doesn't care about rights. It doesn't care if you're happy, and it certainly has no respect for the individual. Selfish genes are only using you as a way of propagate themselves, which we might disagree with, or even judge tyrannical. "Natural" is not to be confused with "good".

That you may be incapable of comprehending [natural rights] without a religious framework does not mean everyone else suffers from the same limitation.

Certianly, but that requires an argument (obviously).

However, if someone taking the position that there are no rights wanted to be consistent, then they would have to agree there is also no right to violate anyone else's sovereignty anyway, wouldn't they?

This sentence is quite confused. First, define rights (and use the term consistently). If, suppose, we define "right" in the negative sense -- freedom from (human) intereference -- then there is no "violation"of "sovereignty" because those words *assume* checks against force/interference/non-consent. This person would say "sovereignty" is an illusion and they couldn't be "violating" anything.

Here's your trash. Keep it to yourself next time. Thanks.

*Sigh* Telling people they've misunderstood things is also a hallmark of libertarian critics. Well, get ready for a taste of your own medicine later in this post.

Nope, not so much. As we'll see, pretty much the only "good reason" you're able to come up with is just a reflection of your own inability to comprehend a basic concept.

Some people are waaaaay too full of themselves, and of all the stuff they've read. I'm not sure who you think you're talking about, but, as with our discussion a few months ago, most of this stuff is irrelevant to the views of most libertarians anyway.

Kind of reminds me of just about all criticisms of libertarianism.
 
Cain said:
Victory asked Libertarians* about the *foundation* for their beliefs, and it's only one or the other.

No, it isn't. I am both. I have been both. And I have argued for both throughout the history of this forum. I am walking, talking, posting proof that this is a false dichotomy.

And if you'll read Victor's latest, you'll see he redefiened it to be, not empirical vs. principled, but empirical AND PRINCIPLED vs. just principled. Once again, he backpedals when he's shown to be wrong.

It's a false dichotomy, and a Victor has already admitted it is possible for a Libertarian to be both empirical and principled. Get over it.

Indeed, as I said in a previous post, I attempted to ask for similar distinctions. Instead I got posts like his (and posts like yours).

And if you continue to ask it, you will continue to get such posts because it will continue to be a false dichotomy.
 
Shanek,

I love these comical "proofs": "I have successfully been both for years."

*Sigh*, I guess you're just blinded by ideology:

Here's a statement from _The Ethical Spectacle_ making the same elementary distinction:

Libertarians can be divided into two primary groups: natural rights libertarians and utilitarian libertarians. Natural rights libertarians, such as Boaz(2), Nozick, Rothbard(3), and to a large extent the Libertarian Party(4)defend private property and laissez-faire markets on moral grounds based on ideas of natural law. Such libertarians usually regard taxation as theft and/or slavery(5). Utilitarian libertarians(sometimes referred to as empirical libertarians), such as Hayek(6), and the Friedmans (7) (8), argue that libertarianism will maximize the total personal liberty and prosperity in a society. Additionally, libertarians define freedom as "the absence of coercion or restraint; it includes political liberty, free speech, and economic freedom."(9)

Once again, anyone who does political philosophy, including ALL prominent libertarian thinkers, observe this distinction. Anyone passingly familiar with the (vast) literature on these matters recognizes what is obvious to a fifth grader.

Feel free to explore the relevant foot-notes in this article: http://www.spectacle.org/0403/loo.html#a3


I am both. I have been both. And I have argued for both throughout the history of this forum. I am walking, talking, posting proof that this is a false dichotomy.

Yeah, maybe if you repeat it enough times it will come true. Ooh, magic. I'm sorry if I don't find this "argument" convincing. Lots of people have inconsistent belief systems -- and inconsistent belief systems are irrational. Suppose I have gone on believing (for years!) that the Reds were the MLB world champions for 1975. Further suppose that I believe Red Sox won game 7 in the 1975 world series. Clearly, that can't be correct, but it's certainly possible for a person to believe it. You just happen to be one of those persons.

And if you'll read Victor's latest, you'll see he redefiened it to be, not empirical vs. principled, but empirical AND PRINCIPLED vs. just principled. Once again, he backpedals when he's shown to be wrong.

Well, guess what: I am capable of disagreeing with Victor (assuming you've accurately characterized this "latest" post, which, if past experience is any indication, is questionable).

For the purposes of our argument, I believe the quoted passage above.

We're talking about *foundations*. A natural rights proponent could very well believe that their position leads to the greatest good for the greast number, but that's a secondary, non-foundational consequence.

How does Libertarian (poster) understand this and you don't?
 

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