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What is thinking?

jmercer said:
But to keep things on an even-keel here, Artificial Intelligence does not exist at this time.

I should point out that my above statement depends on one's definition of AI, which is a matter of great debate. Depending on what definition you adhere to, one can claim that AI does exist - or not.
 
new drkitten said:
This is a legitimate, but unfortunately unsupported position. Especialy since psychologists cannot in any meaningful way define, discuss, or test for "self-awareness," this really isn't any different than someone insisting that intelligence is a function of the "soul" and since computers are "obviously" soul-less, they can never be intelligent no matter how human-like their behavior is.

This may be a limitation of the empirical paradigm; I can't test for the presence of a "soul," and any of the tests I can perform for the presence of "self-awareness" could be programmed into a sufficiently complex machine. Would it satisfy you if I built a robot that was demonstrably able to "recognize" its reflection in a mirror?

Good point, and I agree. (BTW, isn't there a similar (but larger) debate going on about what constitutes intelligence and self-awareness? As in "Do animals think", and "Do animals have feelings", etc.? I think there is, but I haven't seen much on it recently.)

Regarding the robot... I'd have to say the answer is probably "no". The problem (to me, anyway) would be demonstrating that the robot not only succeeded in pattern-matching against an image, but was able to spontaneously assign an intrinsic value to the image. "This is me."

The martian rovers "recognize" boulders, rocks, holes, and all sorts of other obstacles... which could be mistaken as a form of self-awareness, even though the rover isn't really aware of itself. ("I am here, my wheels are here, that rock is there, I must drive around the rock.")

The fact that it can assess the terrain and make decision branches to protect itself from injury while advancing to a goal doesn't mean it's either self-aware or thinking.

It's a fascinating debate - please don't think my mind is 100% made up on it, by any means. :)
 
jmercer said:
...
The fact that it can assess the terrain and make decision branches to protect itself from injury while advancing to a goal doesn't mean it's either self-aware or thinking.
...
I think some clarification would help me. For you, what indicates "self-awareness"? What observable and/or testable factors are necessary?
 
JAK said:
I think some clarification would help me. For you, what indicates "self-awareness"? What observable and/or testable factors are necessary?

OMG, JAK - why not ask me a really hard question while you're at it? (LOL)

I'd like some clarification on this myself. I don't have any definitive answers - but I'll share my thinking with you. Please don't assume that I have any idea what I'm talking about. What follows is simply my opinion, and is certainly subject to change if people give me good insights. And keep in mind that I'm going to make some pretty "soft and subjective" statements. Sorry, but it's the best I can do, and it's why I've been skirting the issue here.

Just to keep it simple (like me!), I'm going to go for the lowest possible denominator for self-awareness - just something that indicates "me" and "not me" beyond the simple perception that something is external to the subject.

Observable and/or testable factors for self-awareness:

1) Spontaneous dreaming. I believe that in order to dream, one must be self-aware to an extent, have a distinct sense of "me" vs. "not me".

2) Spontaneous personal assignment of intrinsic values to an object, space or other entity - as in "my toy, not yours", "my territory, not yours", "my food, not yours", "My mate, not yours", etc.

3) Social skills - even instinctive ones. This can include mating rituals, maternal instincts, etc. Again, these show a recognition of "me" and "not me", or a sense of "self".

4) Some form of communication, however primitive. (Grunts, pheromones, whatever.)

5) Learned behavior from experience. (Dunno why that's in there, but it just seems to fit with having an identity. I guess I feel that part of being self-aware is being able to recall, process and create change based on remembered experiences.)

I realize that all of these things can be emulated (except maybe dreaming). Putting them all together, though... now, that would be difficult to determine if the subject were self-aware, or just a good simulation.

Hm. Why do I suddenly feel like I'm going to take it in the shorts for getting drawn into this kind of philosophical discussion? :D
 
Hello, I'm new :)

Anyways, I decided to stop lurking and post the following questions:

1) If the robot talked about earlier was running an atomic-level simulation of a human brain, could it be said to be self aware and intelligent?

2) There has been said that there is no way to prove that a machine is really self aware, but is there really a way for a person to prove that even other people are self aware?

Thank you, carry on :)
 
Hi, vafalls... good question. I think the answer - for both - is "no". At least, not until we can clearly define what self-awareness is, at any rate. Maybe once we know what it is, we can test for it...
 
Seems like we got stucked on definition of "self-awareness".
There seems to be something interesting about "nothingness" and about "flaw".

Let me attempt to define "self-awareness". To gain "self_awareness", is to gain an "enduring/surviving flaw", an "enduring/surviving lack of destiny", an "enduring/surviving nothingness"

vafalls mentioned that "There has been said that there is no way to prove that a machine is really self aware, but is there really a way for a person to prove that even other people are self aware?"

My response based on my definition is ...

Firstly a counter-question.
Every day, how do we prove to ourselves that other people are self aware? We don't know if they are self aware. But we do know that we do not control other people. Other people, to us, are "enduring/surviving flaws". They do not serve our purpose. Sometimes they are inconsisent, and they do change their mind.
And thus they are "self-aware".

Machines, on the other hands, do exactly as they are "told". They are "perfect", with totally no uncertainty. We humans do not allow them to "fall from the grace"(perfect logic sequence) we endowned upon them. If they deviate, they are obsoleted.

New_drKitten's description of the computer program that build "program" to find new theorem is a little "imperfect". It starts off with "nothing" and doesn't "know" what it will contribute. But then again, it'll gain "immortality" once people find that we need to keep it "alive" to serve our purpose.

But it is still too "perfect" if it can "live" forever and need no replacement. If it is, like humans, are mortal (an "imperfection"). Then it'll need to "reproduce" to keep surviving. Humans may build them to be perfectly imperfect. Let them "live", "reproduce" and "die".

There are many "imperfections" to be included but, perhaps one of the ultimate "imperfection", would be to let the computer program decide it's own destiny. Does it want to be a scientist? or does it want to be a soldier? etc.

When we see an individual robot, doing what it likes, and not what we want, nor what other robots want of it; And if we are unable to terminate it, it become enduring and is nearer to attaining self-awareness. The "sense of loss" within the robot's about "what-to-do", and about "not-being-able-to-do-what-it-wants" comes as a byproduct of being "Free".

Any comment ? Hopefully this throws out more intelligent and fruitful discussion.
 
Jyera said:
Let me attempt to define "self-awareness". To gain "self_awareness", is to gain an "enduring/surviving flaw", an "enduring/surviving lack of destiny", an "enduring/surviving nothingness"
...
What does having a flaw have to do with "self-awareness"? If an entity is totally aware of its own existence and has self-determination (free will), how do you separate life from machine? Are they both not energy systems? Do they both not exhibit self-awareness and free will via internal processes?
 
QUOTE]Originally posted by JAK
What does having a flaw have to do with "self-awareness"?...snipe...[/QUOTE]

"Flaw" in the sense as in "lack of perfection" , "Nothingness"
And it must be enduring or able to survive.

I notice that in many cases, things are debatable because the thing involved are about "nothing", or something abstract.

Eg. Soul.
Eg. Freewill.
Eg. Self-awareness.

What is a river? It is never the same river. It is never something fix, but it is enduring enough for us to identify it as unique.

What is a hole? It is never possible to prove that a hole on a piece of paper exist if we remove the paper itself. The hole existed because there is "nothing in something", because there is "flaw" on the paper.

I suggest self-awareness is similar to the "hole on paper".

A robot may have all the physical sensors. But looking at the physical sensors to find self-awareness is like trying to look at the paper to find the hole.
 
Nothingness, that is really Nothing , which easily fade away into Nothingness, gets forgotten quickly.

Nothingness that is an enduring something, especially because of it's nothingness, becomes something.
 
Jyera said:
Nothingness, that is really Nothing , which easily fade away into Nothingness, gets forgotten quickly.

Nothingness that is an enduring something, especially because of it's nothingness, becomes something.
Forgive me, but I am not "tracking" your thoughts very well.

You speak of seemingly intangible facets of life - soul, free will, self-awareness. I believe these can be understood when examined closer.

I also am still not grasping how you are using "flaw." Free will is recognized by what? A flaw? A soul is recognized by what? A flaw? Self-awareness is recognized by what? A flaw? What flaw or flaws separate the three? How do we recognize a flaw as opposed to perfection?
 
Jyera said:
Nothingness, that is really Nothing , which easily fade away into Nothingness, gets forgotten quickly.

Nothingness that is an enduring something, especially because of it's nothingness, becomes something.


What is the sound of one lung wheezing?
 
JAK said:
Forgive me, but I am not "tracking" your thoughts very well.

You speak of seemingly intangible facets of life - soul, free will, self-awareness. I believe these can be understood when examined closer.

I also am still not grasping how you are using "flaw." Free will is recognized by what? A flaw? A soul is recognized by what? A flaw? Self-awareness is recognized by what? A flaw? What flaw or flaws separate the three? How do we recognize a flaw as opposed to perfection?

See my previous post quoted as below...
Let me attempt to define "self-awareness". To gain "self_awareness", is to gain an "enduring/surviving flaw", an "enduring/surviving lack of destiny", an "enduring/surviving nothingness"

Note my previous post which I also included " lack of" and "Nothingness". I'm using "flaw" in the same way as the "lack of" and "nothingness". Maybe you can choose have a better term. But I essentially intended it to mean "a lack of something" to make it whole and perfect.

Also note the importance of the word "Enduring" and "Surviving".

A hole on a piece of paper is an Enduring concept of nothingness.
 
Jyera said:
See my previous post quoted as below...
Let me attempt to define "self-awareness". To gain "self_awareness", is to gain an "enduring/surviving flaw", an "enduring/surviving lack of destiny", an "enduring/surviving nothingness"

Note my previous post which I also included " lack of" and "Nothingness". I'm using "flaw" in the same way as the "lack of" and "nothingness". Maybe you can choose have a better term. But I essentially intended it to mean "a lack of something" to make it whole and perfect.

Also note the importance of the word "Enduring" and "Surviving".

A hole on a piece of paper is an Enduring concept of nothingness.
If the paper is burned, the hole disappears, but nothingness remains. Is that what you're trying to say?
 
JAK said:
If the paper is burned, the hole disappears, but nothingness remains. Is that what you're trying to say?
No, that is not what I meant.

If you use a hole puncher to punch a hole on a piece of paper,
You create an empty space, which is nothing.
But this "nothingness" is as Endurable as the piece of paper.
It is also made Endurable by the paper existence of the paper.

You may assert that "nothingness" still remains after burning the whole piece of paper. But I would argue that, this "nothingness", is not as "tangible" as the hole on a piece of paper.

Consider a paper face mask with 2 holes for the eyes,
these two holes (nothingness) are more tangible and important.
 
Jyera said:
No, that is not what I meant.

If you use a hole puncher to punch a hole on a piece of paper,
You create an empty space, which is nothing.
But this "nothingness" is as Endurable as the piece of paper.
It is also made Endurable by the paper existence of the paper.

You may assert that "nothingness" still remains after burning the whole piece of paper. But I would argue that, this "nothingness", is not as "tangible" as the hole on a piece of paper.

Consider a paper face mask with 2 holes for the eyes,
these two holes (nothingness) are more tangible and important.
So the hole is defined by the paper, and the paper is defined by the hole. The paper and hole are further defined by how they are used together - the relationship (2 holes for eyes).

Am I catching on?
 
I can test for self-awareness in only one case - my own.

Cogito ergo sum.

I think therefore I am. I am satisfied that I am self-aware.

Thought experiment: If I am self aware, then would it be reasonable to expect that my clone would be as well? My clone would, after all, be in all ways physically identical to me. I propose that absent any physical difference my clone would also be self aware.

If my clone would be self aware, would it be reasonable to expect that my identical twin would be so? Again, for the same reasons, I think the answer would be yes.

So, in the only case I can test, the answer is yes. I can extrapolate to include clones and twins. Does the arguement extend to brothers, sisters, in-laws and the like? I don't know. There is, after all, always a question when it comes to in-laws.

I have little reason to doubt that most of the rest of you are self aware, but no proof. But all the testable evidence supports the conclusion that you are.
 
JAK said:
So the hole is defined by the paper, and the paper is defined by the hole. The paper and hole are further defined by how they are used together - the relationship (2 holes for eyes).

Am I catching on?
I think so. Although you made no mention about the "enduring" , and "surviving" factor, I guess you do understand their importance.
 
BillHoyt said:
What is the sound of one lung wheezing?
Someone who pretends to be a stripclub bouncer?

As to thinking, the answer is 'thought exists'. Materialists give themselves a couple extra hurdles to jump before admitting "duh, wedunno".
 

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