<preface material>
I invite anyone to give me a clear means for determining the difference between "virtue signalling" and expressing one's opinion without significant sacrifice.
We may have some dissimilar terminology.
Virtue Signalling: Attempting to gain social capital through conspicuous association with with an idea or position.
I'd say "expressing one's opinion without significant sacrifice" is the definition of "paying lip service" instead.
Or that could be just so much hair-splitting.
Notice that, epistemologically speaking, even the popularity condition is meaningless, since one could always assert that the speaker is trying to appeal to those who agree with the speaker's opinion, a group in which the speaker's opinion is undeniably popular. Hence, unless we can determine which "social circles" are relevant prior to applying the definition, that clause of Zig's necessary conditions is nigh meaningless.
Now, I do not consider NFL players to be engaging in "virtue signalling" by my proposed definitions. They have massive social capital being NFL players. They are, in fact, placing that capital at risk (voiding the "lip service" definition) in order to influence the opinions of others (not simply to make their own opinion "known" or "signalled"). One is self-serving, the other is akin to philanthropy, spending money on a social cause.
If a billionaire implores others to pay heed to a cause and they've put none of their own assets to the task, that's lip service and likely virtue signalling. If they offer a matching grant to spearhead a funding drive that inspires others to give, that's another thing entirely.
These players are offering a matching grant, with the social capital equivalent of "deep pockets" to draw on.
Thus, my question: in this forum, does the term "virtue signalling" really mean anything other than "expressing a position I don't like without making much sacrifice to do so"? (Related: do NFL players make a sacrifice to take a knee? That's probably more relevant in the other thread.)
The base issue at play is a question of authenticity. So it can either be a serious consideration of potential motives or it can just be a bludgeon to create FUD (since none of us are mind readers). How it is used depends on the wielder, and...well, their
authenticity.
Around and around it goes.