Some of the science-related questions from the General Social Survey that may have been taken into account in the study:
A. Because of science and technology, there will be more opportunities for the next generation.
More opportunities for what? To succeed in life? I think that is likely so. Job opportunities? Maybe. A lot of technologies are taking over a lot of jobs. But, there may emerge a new way to be successful without a "job" thanks to those same technologies.
B. Science makes our way of life change too fast.
I think a certain velocity of change is inevitable, and will likely increase as more people go into the sciences. This will certainly seem "too fast" for some people to handle, today. But, the next generation will more likely value flexability and adaptation to change, (and decrease value on authority and tradition), to handle that better.
C. Even if it brings no immediate benefits, scientific research that advances the frontiers of knowledge is necessary and should be supported by the federal government.
I agree with this. Research at the current frontiers of knowledge tend to transform into the
foundation of knowledge many years later. If we don't get the foundations right, we drain the future of possible benefits.
D. Science is too concerned with theory and speculation to be of much use in making concrete government policy decisions that will affect the way we live.
Again, what is on the verge of discovery will be less relevant to our current policy needs. BUT, over time, they will generally become much more relevant.
Could you imagine someone making this argument about horseless buggies, back when they were first introduced? "Those scientists building steam and/or gasoline engines won't effect public policy! Why should we care? Why should the government ever fund anything to do with cars?!"
Or, more fundamentally: Electricity.
E. Government decision makers should pay attention only to those scientific theories that have been accepted by most leading scientists.
Sounds suspiciously like an argumentum ad populum for me to agree with wholeheartedly. But, if the alternative was to only pay attention to theories made by pseudo-scientists, I would have to bet my money on the "leading scientists" side.