The object of vaccinating against pneumococcus (pneumonia) is not to prevent pneumonia, but to prevent the far more deadly conditions pneumococcal meningitis and pneumococcal sepsis, jointly termed invasive pneumococcal disease. It does have some impact on pneumonia, but this is less deadly and not the object of vaccination. The only way to prove efficacy other than using surrogate markers is to do placebo controlled trials which would mean denying a vaccine proven to save lives to a large group of infants.At Science Based Medicine Jonathan Howard quoted another article on the leaked memo. "In his memo, Prasad also wrote that “pneumonia vaccine makers will have to show their products reduce pneumonia,” at least after they’re licensed, rather than provide indirect evidence of protection, such as antibody levels. Prasad appears to refer to a childhood pneumonia vaccine that blocks infections with pneumococcus bacteria, which has been updated and improved several times over the years...Pneumococcal vaccines on the market today are approved based on antibody levels that correlate with protection and have been validated over decades, Scott said. Proving that childhood vaccines prevent cases of pneumonia would be difficult, Scott said, because so many pathogens can cause pneumonia, including the flu, COVID-19 and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Requiring manufacturers to conduct additional clinical trials every time they want to add additional viral or bacterial strains would delay updates by several years, all the while leaving people vulnerable to the bacteria, Reiss said. Some companies may decide that conducting such trials is too expensive."
It is depressing that someone in charge of vaccination doesn't know what condition the vaccine is intended to prevent.