Many satellites encounter anomalous events detrimental to mission
performance at some point during their operational lifetimes.
These “satellite anomalies” may be as minimal as a temporary error in
a noncritical subsystem, or as devastating as a complete mission failure.
Hardware damage and software malfunctions, the typical manifestations
of these anomalies, may occur because of a variety of causes,
including faulty equipment, the hazardous natural space environment,
impact with orbital debris, operator error, hostile actions by a malicious
actor, or even unintentional interference from another satellite transmitter.
The cause of the anomaly is typically not obvious to the satellite
operators at the time of the event.
While individual satellite operators may investigate and catalog
their anomalies, few databases are available to the broader satellite
community.
Those that are broadly available and openly shared are
mostly limited to historical anomalies encountered by a small number
of scientific satellites whose operators and sponsoring agencies had the
resources and willingness to share the information openly. These data
are highly valuable for mission design purposes, as they provide an
empirical record of which hardware and software designs are most
robust, and which regions of space are most hazardous under varying
solar-terrestrial conditions.
However, the absence of a centralized, accurate, and up-to-date
anomaly database available to the broader community means that
satellite operators do not typically have access to information about
anomalies other satellites may be experiencing, at similar times, in similar orbits, and under similar conditions. Such information would be
useful in diagnosing causes of anomalies.
Despite these potential benefits, a comprehensive, up-to-date, and
broadly accessible database of anomalies from a large number of satellites
does not exist. There are political, economic, and operational
obstacles to the development and maintenance of such a database. For
one, there are distinct disincentives for some satellite operators to disclose
anomaly information to a wider community. Satellite operators
in DoD often have strict national security requirements prohibiting
them from sharing satellite information specific enough to be useful
in anomaly investigations. Commercial satellite owners may not wish
to reveal to their competitors or investors that their on-orbit assets are
experiencing unsolved technical problems. Also, there are logistical
efforts required to organize and manage a community service like an
anomaly database, with little funding or resources typically available
for such a task
Source
http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR500/RR560/RAND_RR560.pdf