The reference to The Mummy Returns is wrong. The character is not outrunning the rotation of Earth. The velocity of the shadow is a Phase Velocity , that is function of the rotation of Earth and the angle of the Sun.
Anyway, even a snail can outrun Earth's rotation. Since it is on Earth's surface, it has already the tangential speed of Earth. Any displacement in the sense of the rotation makes it move at a velocity greater than the Earth's in reference to an inertial system.