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Polygraph Testing - Science or BS?

Pen and paper polygraph machines? Never seen one.

When NCIS administers it they hook the chest bands, electrodermal sensitivity thingamajig and ass pressure sensor plate into a laptop computer.

Also, the examiner wasn't just outside my peripheral vision, he was completely behind me.
 
Pen and paper polygraph machines? Never seen one.

When NCIS administers it they hook the chest bands, electrodermal sensitivity thingamajig and ass pressure sensor plate into a laptop computer.

Also, the examiner wasn't just outside my peripheral vision, he was completely behind me.
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Well, youngster, back in the '80s, lemme tell ya, it was hell! :)
T'weren't no laptop computers that could do anything like multi-scannings of numerous sensors.
You could -just- see the paper with the ink scribbles moving as the interview progressed.
They had progressed to fan-fold paper on the Brush recorder, which made going thru the data much easier than the old roll type.
In Flight Test Instrumentation we used a lot of it!
 
Ah, yes, the old "where are the randomized double-blind studies of parachutes" argument.

The topic at hand is polygraphs, not parachutes.

Have polygraphs been proven through peer-reviewed research to reliably differentiate between truth and deception in laboratory conditions? Yes, quite well.

The results of laboratory studies of polygraphy are not generalizable to field conditions. Laboratory studies involve role-players "lying" on command. The psychological processes involved in such laboratory studies differ significantly from those associated with genuine deception. And importantly, the consequences associated with (rightly or wrongly) being found deceptive are vastly different.

The role-player in a typical laboratory study might not receive a small cash reward. The subject of a real-world polygraph examination might lose her livelihood or freedom.

Is it practical to do research under field conditions? Not at all -- you can't get the control group, since you don't have known ground truths.

Not necessarily true. There are instances where ground truth can be independently verified, for example, in criminal cases where the guilt of the true culprit has been confirmed by DNA evidence.

A clever methodology was used for a recent field study of the validity of voice stress analysis. Arrestees were questioned about illicit drug use, and the results were checked against urinalysis tests:

http://antipolygraph.org/documents/219031.pdf

A similar study could be conducted with regard to the polygraph.

Have other fields of science faced this problem? Yes, of course. Do we have methods available that we can adapt from, say, medicine to polygraph testing? Of course.

Could you explain with examples?

It's statements like the one you made above that make me completely dismiss antipolygraph.org as a useful source of information, I'm afraid.

Don't you think that's a narrow-minded position to take? After all, the information we provide includes primary sources such as the U.S. government's official handbook on polygraphy:

http://antipolygraph.org/documents/federal-polygraph-handbook-02-10-2006.pdf
 
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With regard to polygraphs and parachutes, I might add that the physics associated with parachutes is well enough understood that parachutes have been designed that properly function not only in the atmosphere of Earth, but also in those of Venus, Mars, and the Saturnian moon Titan. By contrast, there is no underlying theory of polygraphy that explains known facts about the human physiology associated with deception.
 
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With regard to polygraphs and parachutes, I might add that the physics associated with parachutes is well enough understood that parachutes have been designed that properly function not only in the atmosphere of Earth, but also in those of Venus, Mars, and the Saturnian moon Titan.

But have there been any controlled studies of parachutes in the atmosphere of Titan? Of course not. Where's your control group? Why, there's no basis in the scientific method to conclude that they work at all!

Piffle, says I.

Don't you think that's a narrow-minded position to take?

Not at all. I, personally, am opposed to the use of polygraphs -- on the basis that the empirical data we have (which neither requires a theoretical basis nor the use of field testing) indicates that it's not reliable enough for the use to which the government would like to put it.

I also think that the distortions, misrepresentations, misstatements, and outright lies that are rife in antipolygraph.org do more harm than good to the anti-polygraph position. I was being polite when I suggested that it wasn't useful. A more accurate description of my opinion is that "telling obvious and easily refutable lies in the service of your position is actively harmful."

Imagine, if you will, someone who is concerned about the possibility of polygraph testing. He does a little google-fu and finds antipolygraph.org, and on the very first page, he finds at least three significantly deceptive statements, and many that are actively wrong.

For example, you claim that the consensus of scientists is that there is no scientific basis for the polygraph. The FAS, however, disagrees. From the section of their report entitled "The Scientific Basis for the Polygraph," we find:

The scientific base for polygraph testing is far from what one would like for a test that carries considerable weight in national security decision making. Basic scientific knowledge of psychophysiology offers support for expecting polygraph testing to have some diagnostic value, at least among naive examinees.

... so they acknowledge that there is some support (even if they're not happy about the total amount). An easily-refutable lie on your part, in other words.

You further complain that the inventor of the polygraph is considered to be a crackpot -- as though this were anything other than an ad hominem fallacy. Newton, I'd like to point out, wrote more on alchemy than he did on mathematics.

Et cetera. It's not worth the trouble for me to tear apart in detail -- I simply note that if anyone wondered if you were a "disgraced and disgruntled person with a bone to pick with the authorities," the web page -- and the lies and fallacies it contains -- provide more than enough evidence to persuade them not to take your site seriously.

Which is unfortunate, because the abuse of polygraphs is a serious problem.
 
Science Friday had a segment a few months ago on the possibility of using brain activity as a "lie detector" of sorts. They cited research that indicated that certain areas of the brain "light up" with increased neuron-firing/glucose usage while lying.
Along similar lines, other research showed that individuals who were identified as habitual or chronic lairs had a higher percentage of brain-connective tissue than normal.
The speculation is that more areas of the brain can be "accessed" more easily, thus enabling rapid and fluent tale-telling.
You have to wonder if this sort of structure is seen among good improvisational actors?
Mark Twain often referred to his own tales as "lies".
 
But have there been any controlled studies of parachutes in the atmosphere of Titan? Of course not. Where's your control group? Why, there's no basis in the scientific method to conclude that they work at all!

Piffle, says I.

But the physics associated with the functioning of parachutes is well enough understood that mathematical models can be built and tested, and the materials used can be stress tested on earth. The point I'm making is that your parachute analogy is not germane to polygraphy.


Not at all. I, personally, am opposed to the use of polygraphs -- on the basis that the empirical data we have (which neither requires a theoretical basis nor the use of field testing) indicates that it's not reliable enough for the use to which the government would like to put it.

You had written that you "completely dismiss antipolygraph.org as a useful source of information." Considering that we provide primary sources such as the federal polygraph handbook, I think you were being a bit obtuse.

I also think that the distortions, misrepresentations, misstatements, and outright lies that are rife in antipolygraph.org do more harm than good to the anti-polygraph position. I was being polite when I suggested that it wasn't useful. A more accurate description of my opinion is that "telling obvious and easily refutable lies in the service of your position is actively harmful."

Please do tell me what you really think. As Benjamin Franklin said, "Our critics are our friends; they show us our faults."

Imagine, if you will, someone who is concerned about the possibility of polygraph testing. He does a little google-fu and finds antipolygraph.org, and on the very first page, he finds at least three significantly deceptive statements, and many that are actively wrong.

For example, you claim that the consensus of scientists is that there is no scientific basis for the polygraph. The FAS, however, disagrees. From the section of their report entitled "The Scientific Basis for the Polygraph," we find...

so they acknowledge that there is some support (even if they're not happy about the total amount). An easily-refutable lie on your part, in other words.

It's the NAS (National Academy of Sciences) not the FAS (Federation of American Scientists) to which you refer. But your citation is inapposite. The same NAS report (The Polygraph and Lie Detection) goes on to conclude that the scientific underpinnings of polgyraph testing are quite weak. The consensus view among scientists is indeed that polygraphy has no scientific basis. This view is supported by a survey of scientific opinion conducted by William G. Iacono and the late David T. Lykken that you'll find discussed in the former's aforementioned article, "Forensic 'Lie Detection': Procedures Without Scientific Basis":

http://antipolygraph.org/articles/article-018.shtml

You further complain that the inventor of the polygraph is considered to be a crackpot -- as though this were anything other than an ad hominem fallacy. Newton, I'd like to point out, wrote more on alchemy than he did on mathematics.

It would be an ad hominem argument to claim that the fact that the FBI considered the creator of the lie detector to be a crackpot and a phony proves that polygraphy is invalid. It doesn't. But I think this little known historical fact is interesting and worthy of contemplation. The bullet list on the AntiPolygraph.org home page is intended not to provide a point-by-point logical refutation of polygraphy, but rather to spark the casual reader's interest and invite further investigation.

Et cetera. It's not worth the trouble for me to tear apart in detail -- I simply note that if anyone wondered if you were a "disgraced and disgruntled person with a bone to pick with the authorities," the web page -- and the lies and fallacies it contains -- provide more than enough evidence to persuade them not to take your site seriously.

If you could be so kind as to point out anything else I've written that you believe to be untrue (you accuse me of lying), I'd be grateful.

Which is unfortunate, because the abuse of polygraphs is a serious problem.

On this last point, we can agree.
 
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You had written that you "completely dismiss antipolygraph.org as a useful source of information." Considering that we provide primary sources such as the federal polygraph handbook, I think you were being a bit obtuse.

Not at all. I don't care how many primary sources that Answers in Genesis purports to provide regarding the theory of evolution; the editorial bias is so heavy-handed, so manipulative, and so deceitful that I can't trust that any of the cited sources actually say what they do. They're not above distorting sources until they say the exact opposite of what the authors intended.

I dismiss antipolygraph.org for exactly the same reason. Because the citations are so blatantly untruthful, I can't even trust your representation of primary documents to be in any way accurate. How do I know you haven't airbrushed the handbooks until they say what you want?




It's the NAS (National Academy of Sciences) not the FAS (Federation of American Scientists) to which you refer. But your citation is inapposite. The same NAS report (The Polygraph and Lie Detection) goes on to conclude that the scientific underpinnings of polgyraph testing are quite weak.

See? You're doing it again. What's the difference between something that doesn't exist and something that is "quite weak"? The NAS goes out of its way to point out that there is a scientific basis for polygraphy, but that it's weak --- and you distort that to say that there is no basis.

Furthemore, you expect me to believe that the NAS view, which is explicitly the corporate view of scientists generally does not represent the "consensus view," and instead refer me to the
work of the individual scientists Iacono and Lykken.

You're confusing Iacono and Lykken for the entire scientific world?


This view is supported by a survey of scientific opinion conducted by William G. Iacono and the late David T. Lykken that you'll find discussed in the former's aforementioned article, "Forensic 'Lie Detection': Procedures Without Scientific Basis":

Oh, a survey. How many surveys can I find on Answers in Genesis? It's extremely easy for a biased researcher to write a biased survey which can then be trumpetted to the hills by a biased site -- especially if the biased site is blatantly untruthful.




It would be an ad hominem argument to claim that the fact that the FBI considered the creator of the lie detector to be a crackpot and a phony proves that polygraphy is invalid. It doesn't. But I think this little known historical fact is interesting and worthy of contemplation.

.... and it just happens to be part of a bullet-pointed list on a site entitled AntiPolygraph.org, as part of a campaign to convince people that polygraphy is invalid. But, no, of course it's not intended to further support the invalidity of the polygraph via innuendo, slime, and (if necessary) slander.

Riiiiight.


If you could be so kind as to point out anything else I've written that you believe to be untrue (you accuse me of lying), I'd be grateful.

Certainly. In the posting to which I'm responding, you wrote:

The bullet list on the AntiPolygraph.org home page is intended not to provide a point-by-point logical refutation of polygraphy,

I consider this to be a blatant untruth, so from my perspective, you're telling lies on a web forum to justify your telling lies on a web page.

I think there's a lot of cold, calm, logical stuff (and more importantly, correct stuff) that can be written about the potential evils of polygraphs. I think that polygraph screening is one of the most misguided government policies since the establishment of the anti-homosexual policies in the 1950s that knocked out half of the RAND theorists (and Turing). But I think the actual talking points get lost in the presentation and mispresentation on antipolygraph.

Think of it this way. You know how governments work, and how good they are at ignoring things that they don't like. JoeyDonuts specifically said that "interestingly enough, in the NCIS prebriefing for the polygraph, they asked a group of us if we had done any research on the polygraph and specifically mentioned your website in a not-too-flattering light. Without mentioning you by name, they cast you as a disgraced and disgruntled person who has a bone to pick with the authorities."

They mentioned your website. Apparently there's nothing about your website that actually threatens The Man enough that they don't want it to be known about. Apparently they consider your website sufficiently UNconvincing that they're willing to admit that it exists, since it's obvious enough that it was written by "a disgraced and disgruntled person who has a bone to pick with the authorities."

If they felt threatened by it, they'd bury it. They wouldn't tell anyone about it. It's easy enough to find ill-informed, strident, unconvincing antipolygraph web sites that can be held up as a parody of real, informed research. It's very easy to create or find strawmen activists to make whatever current policy is look calm, rational, and well-informed by comparison. If necessary, they'd just by up polygraphssuckballs.org and create a page full of ill-informed lies and innuendo that a concerned applicant could look at and be reassured.

You are their chosen activist strawman. They didn't need to buy a new domain.

Doesn't that make you hesitate, just for a moment?
 
...I dismiss antipolygraph.org for exactly the same reason. Because the citations are so blatantly untruthful, I can't even trust your representation of primary documents to be in any way accurate. How do I know you haven't airbrushed the handbooks until they say what you want?

That being the case, I regrettably see no point in further attempting to pursue a rational exchange of ideas with you.
 
That being the case, I regrettably see no point in further attempting to pursue a rational exchange of ideas with you.

Doesn't it worry you even a little bit that the polygraph proponents use you as an example of how opposition to polygraphs is misguided lunacy?
 

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