This is the way that I believe describes it the best:
Separate our world, as it travels around the sun, into two parts: the half that is closest to the sun and the half that is farther away. Now, if they were indeed separate pieces, they would be occupying slightly different orbits, one of them having a radius on the order of 1000 miles larger than the other. Kepler's laws of planetary motion (derivable from Newton's law of gravitation) says that the orbit that is larger will take longer to traverse, both because it is a physically longer circumference and because the time required to make an orbit is directly proportional to that orbit's average radius. So, the two parts of Earth would split apart and go their own ways, if gravity between the two parts didn't hold them together. Fortunately it does, but this effect of the two halves tugging against each other is called tidal force, and it actually does cause the liquid at the surface to try to separate on both sides, piling it up to approximately 6' height against what the earth's gravity requires, which is total flatness at a global radius. To a lesser extent, the actual solid material of earth also moves due to tidal forces. The energy required to do that move is converted to heat by friction within the rocks, and is pulled from the rotational energy of the earth's spin. So, tidal forces have the effect of slowing a satellite's spin (until it reaches equality with rotation and the tides freeze in place, and stop dissipating rotational energy).
Whenever a body approaches a gravity well, it will be attracted, and it will essay an orbit of some kind. The two separate halves of the body (in fact, all the parts of the body) will seek separate orbital paths, thus effecting a stretching force on the body. These tidal forces will tear the body apart if the body dives within a calculated radius (called the Roche limit) of the well. If the gravity well is a black hole, it is physically possible to pass much closer to it than the equivalent sun, for instance, because the equivalent massed black hole is much smaller. The closer the body gets to the black hole, the higher the tidal forces are, and they are not ameliorated simply because you may be in circular, or any other shaped, orbit. Matter that actually enters the event horizon has such huge tidal forces acting on it that it is torn into constituent atoms; no information about the structure of the body can survive, according to theory.
Until now. Maybe.
http://news.yahoo.com/s/space/20080515/sc_space/newideacouldsolveblackholeinformationmystery