, just the best guess we have from science.
I have seen a number of aquatic areas die off due to pollution and heat stress. Once you have seen large areas collapse you will have a better idea of how fragile natural systems are.
I watched Lake Ontario transition from being a nice lake to swim in to having various species of fish die off a few years in a row and then the algae started growing along the shoreline. The algae finally got so thick it was nearly impossible to swim through it and it extended 20 feet offshore. Manufacturers removed the phosphates from the laundry soaps and the algae went away.
When I moved to Hawaii I saw areas die off from raw sewage being pumped in injection wells near the shoreline. I have video of a guy scooping up algae mats underwater that were three feet thick. Seeing that footage I decided to shoot the beauty of another pristine reef area to do environmental education. It turned out that only .014 ppm. of nutrients would harm the reef.
After a few years of shooting underwater golf courses were built adjacent to the reefs that I have been diving since 1985. Some weeks I would dive the same reefs six days as there was so much biodiversity. Then the algae blooms started. I documented the before and after images of the damage that the algae was doing. 18,000 gallons of water a day was now being applied to an area that was desert, and tons of fertilizers were being used. So much fertilizer was being applied that the excess that was flying onto the road would make small drifts against the curbs sometimes when it was windy.
Then along came the 1998 El-Nino event. I took one of my best friends out on a night dive and the water was hotter than I had ever felt it before. I remember coming up from the dive and saying to my friend that global warming was really happening and that the reefs were ruined.
Reports came in from around the world about the coral bleaching happening in Asia due to the warmer waters. It was the first time that I had witnessed climate change effecting natural systems on a global scale. It only takes a 1.5 degree Celsius increase in temperature for the coral to bleach.
I shot the footage of the changes to the reefs and used to show it to people but very few people were interested or concerned.
Given that climate change would eventually kill coral reefs in many areas I changed my focus from nutrient related issues to trying to find solutions to climate change on a global scale.
The reefs that I dove on six days a week never recovered with the amazing biodiversity that they had before the algae problems and heat problems. After some research I learned that the reefs I dove on were located at a sea surface temperature hot spot, due to water circulation patterns.
I am rebreather certified and my dives in 1998 were often five and a half to six hours long and having my own boat and diving alone I spent thousands of hours underwater and documented a lot on video.
The 1998 El-Nino event changed my life. I knew the reefs I loved would never recover so I left Hawaii.
Since then I have been hiking in Utah and have seen all the dead stands of trees that were killed by the bark beetles. When I drove up to Alberta, Canada I was amazed that the bark beetle infestations reached that far north. Millions of acres of pine trees have died in the Western US and Canada.
Now looking at all the recent heat waves, many new record temperatures, droughts, increasing natural disasters on a global scale, these recent and very rapid onset of changes lead me to believe that a link in a food chain will collapse soon. Again it only takes a 1.5 degree Celsius increase in sea temperature and only a .014 ppm increase in nutrients to damage and kill coral reefs. Who knows what threshold small organisms have to changes in acidity?
In some areas oyster farms can no longer be seeded in the ocean as the water is too acidic. Plankton also have similar types of shells and coral reef structures ( calcium carbonate ) also dissolve in acidic waters.
Given that a rise of 1.5 degrees Celsius causes coral mortality and bleaching, we will start to see more reefs being effected. There are still reports of coral bleaching but not as often as during the 1998 El-Nino event. The increasing power and frequency of storms also knocks down stony corals and the loose pieces then wash back and forth breaking other coral heads off. Although this is natural, time is needed between storms for the coral to grow back and the rarest of species are not prevalent enough to repopulate the reefs quickly.
I'm watching to see what factors are in play that will cause the next large scale coral reef bleaching and die off.
There are all kinds of things that will change but these are the two that I think will play out soon. Droughts and sever weather causing crop losses is also huge.
Many people will disagree but watch what happens in the oceans.