I read the article about linking levels of CO2 to temperature rises. I have read in several places that, historically, CO2 has lagged temperature rise by several centuries. Is this a lie or an erroneous reading of the data.
This is true. Other people will no doubt explain it better but the idea is that, in the past where these CO2 lags have been found, the heating of the planet was likely due to the Milankovic cycle, which I think is orbital variations of Earth around the Sun. So every 100,000 years or so you get periods of heating and then periods of cooling.
The CO2 lags the heating by about 800 years. Apparently this is about the length of time it would take for the ocean "flush out" the CO2 it had stored during the previous cold cycle. So planet warms up, oceans release CO2. As the CO2 levels increase the CO2 starts to contribute to the warming trend as well. So, although the heating is not initiated by a CO2 increase, the CO2 still contributes once it turns up.
The situation we have now is an increase of CO2 contributing to an increase in temperature in much the same way that it has done in the past. The difference is what the cause of the temperature change is attributed to, but the effect of the CO2 (more CO2 -> higher temperature) is the same.
*waits to get pulled up for being sloppy*