I hear and read this type of terminology when evolutionists talk about selection pressures. Do you want to enumerate and elaborate on the variables that determine the intensity of selection pressures?
Now we are getting somewhere. The degree of selection can be calculated in a number of different ways. Generally, it is measured as a relative selection coefficient of the less fit allele being compared. The more fit allele has a fitness of 1, and the less fit allele has a fitness of 1-s (s being the selection coefficient). One way to calculate the selection coefficient is to compare the number of offspring, on average, produced by those with one allele compared to those with another allele.
Give us some examples of this. Do you propose that a selection pressure doesn’t have to be present long enough for at least some individuals in the population to have adapted to that pressure, for example antibiotic resistance?
Organisms have to be alive for the correct variation to arrise in a population. Smaller populations have less variation (not entirely true, but true enough for our purposes).
Rapid adaptation occurs by recombination and natural selection, not mutation and natural selection.[/quote]
Nonsense. Both recombination and mutation create variation in a population. Selection acts on that variation, and it makes no difference how that variation arose.
Recombination and natural selection is what Darwin was observing when he reported on the differences in finch beaks.
You do not know what recombination is. You are utterly wrong.
Recombination and natural selection works with selection of alleles, small populations and small numbers of generations.
You are wrong.
This is where Stephen Gould’s hypothesis of punctuated equilibrium has application.
Punctuated equilibrium has nothing to do with recombination, and everything to do with selection acting upon variation in a population.
However, the mathematics of mutation and selection shows it is a far slower mechanism of adaptation that requires much larger populations and much more generations to accomplish its task.
Nonsense. Variation is variation, no matter where it came from.
Recombination without errors does not increase information in the gene pool; recombination with natural selection can reduce the information in the gene pool.
Nonsense. First, define "information". Second, explain how recombination which splits a gene in half does not add information.
Add any feature you want to ev, whether it is recombination, any or all forms of mutations and show us how your theory works mathematically. Show us how these mechanisms overcome the problem for your theory that multiple selection pressures slow evolution.
We already have a model. I have given one equation for it. Dr. Adequate has given a graph using its equations. When will you get it through your thick skull that you are wrong, and that we
do have mathematical models for evolution? Ev. is only one small part, and you are not even using it correctly. See Dr. Adequate's debunking of your armwaving "mathematics".[
Add this feature to ev and show us mathematically how the theory of evolution works.
Please refer to both my and Dr. Adequate's posts.
I haven’t asserted that they are unimportant; I assert that they won’t overcome the fact that multiple selection pressures slow evolution. This is what is discussed in Delphi’s Wikipedia reference to the fitness landscape and the numerous real examples of multiple selection pressures that I have posting on this thread. These real examples are not limited to random point mutations. Joobz pointed out that HIV does recombination. Certainly rodents use recombination. Any mechanism of mutation or recombination is available to these creatures discussed in the links presented here.
Multiple selection pressures does not slow evolution. You have yet to provide a single citation which agrees with you. Stop your armwaving blathering and either provide your own mathematics, or admit you are wrong. We have provided mathematics which proves "multiple selection pressures" (read: stronger selection) increases the rate of evolution.
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In fact, here are more examples of how multiple selection pressures slow evolution. These are not examples derived from a mathematical model; they demonstrate what is shown in the ev mathematical model.
This ought to be fun.
Here is an article that discusses the treatment of Hepatitis C [/SIZE][/FONT]
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1472602 . Again, these authors report that multiple selection pressures slow the evolution of resistant strains of this virus as reported in this quote:
The effective treatment of HCV infection will likely require multiple antiviral drugs with different resistance profiles to delay the emergence of resistance, as has been shown in human immunodeficiency virus (35). In the present study, treatment with either a thumb or a palm inhibitor alone rendered large numbers of resistant replicon colonies in vitro, a potential indication of the likely rapid emergence of HCV-resistant variants upon initiation of monotherapy. Importantly, by combining two inhibitors binding to the thumb and to the palm sites of the HCV polymerase we observed a greater-than-additive inhibitory effect of replicon RNA replication.
Emergence is not evolution, kleinman.
I include the following quote from this paper just for Taffer who thinks that “emergence” somehow does not refer to “evolution”.
Mutants Ile482Leu, Met423Ile, and Met423Val were observed at different sequential passages, illustrating the plasticity and evolution of the quasispecies population in the presence of inhibitor's selective pressure (Table 2).
Well done! You have provided a citation which actually talks about evolution! Too bad it doesn't agree with you.
Here is another paper that discusses combination selection pressures for the treatment of malaria. It is located at
Emergence is not evolution, kleinman.
Again, I include the following quote for Taffer so that he know that the emergence of resistance is by evolution.
Well done! They talk about evolution in this paper as well as emergence! Too bad it doesn't say anything about what you're blathering on about.
Kleinman, face it. You do not understand what you're waving your arms about. Emergence and evolution are different things. Emergence is when a trait appears. Evolution is the change in allele ratios over time. Get this into your head.