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Science education and a bizarre e-mail

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Feb 2, 2009
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So, I get this e-mail at my school account from someone (not sure if he's a teacher or not; lists as in our district but I can't find a location for him):


As a philosopher of science and as an individual interested in the education of our children, there is an issue that needs to be considered carefully. Is the single big bang/single expanding universe/finite cosmos model a scientific model? I may be from the "old" school, but I was taught that in science, something comes from something. There are no exceptions.
I have proposed that big bangs come from black holes that have grown too large to hold their energy, never include the entire cosmos, represent natures's largest cycle, and evidences itself by the large voids we see in 3D cosmic maps. My model may not be correct, but at least it is scientific. If I must accept on faith that something can come from nothing, then I must consider it a religion or magic. Remember, fundamental Christians say that everything came from nothing 6,000 years ago, not 13,700,000,000 as the cosmologist would have us believe.
Additionally, there are several other factors that make the single big bang model, not only improbable, but logically impossible.
1. The Speed of Gravity Issue
Most physicist believe that the speed of gravity is the same as the speed of light. Yet cosmologist must assume an infinite speed of gravity, as that is the only way distant objects and events could have any gravitational relationship to planet Earth and our Milky Way Galaxy. If there is any limit to the speed of gravity then there is a limit to how much material could be included in any one event.
2. The Cone of Knowledge Problem
The cone of knowledge concept makes us aware that we can only have knowledge of those physical systems and events whose light has had time to reach us. All other events and physical systems are therefore beyond our knowledge. The single big bang model assumes we can see everything that exists. If there is anything beyond what we can see, the single big bang model has no answer.
3. The Not Enough Time Issue
a. Not too far from here, along the Toltec and Cumbres railroad, there are granite deposits that are said to be 3.5 billion years old. If the entire cosmos is only 13.7 billion years old, then this rock represents one fourth of everything that has ever existed. Impossible.
b. Different elements are made in different star types and the higher elements must have traveled through multiple star systems to form. Since most stars have lifetimes measured in billions of years, there has not been enough time for all known natural elements to form.
c. When cosmologist say that a super galaxy cluster is X billion light years away, they never add the age of the structure to the time its light has taken to get to us. A super galaxy cluster surely must represent trillions of Earth years and is therefore "older" than the age of the "universe." The cosmos is infinite in both space and time even if universes come and go.
There are many other issues that I and others see as problems for the finite cosmos model currently so popular. But the real issue is what do we teach our children? Do we tell them they are born into a finite cosmos, with all of the limitations that concept implies? Or do we tell them they are spirits born into an infinite cosmos and the only limits are those limitations they allow within their own minds. I personally think it is critical to the survival of our species to see ourselves as infinite beings in an infinite cosmos. But what do we teach our children?


So, I replied thusly:

Why is 3a “impossible?” Also, in 3c, the time the light travels to get here is the time it takes to get here. Perhaps you could give a specific example of “X billions of light years” these generic cosmologists are giving and tell me how you are making the leap from billions to trillions. It is highly probable I am misunderstanding your points so I’d like some clarification.

Not sure what this guy is getting at. Any suggestions or thoughts? I think it's a hacker and/or rabble-rouser who knows even less about science than I do.
 
So, I get this e-mail at my school account from someone (not sure if he's a teacher or not; lists as in our district but I can't find a location for him):

Sounds like a generic nutcase. Not worth your time responding to, really. Physics teachers get hundreds of these letters from perpetual motion cranks.

If you took five minutes to write him back, that's five wasted minutes of your life that you're never going to see again.
 
Well. The question I would ask is where does his word salad Universe come from?

but I was taught that in science, something comes from something. There are no exceptions.

Even if everything is recycled (as I think he is saying) it still has to have started sometime.
 
It only took me a few moments to respond and, as of yet, I haven't heard back from him. Don't douchebags have anything better to do than act all...douchy.
 
Sometimes something comes from nothing : the casimir effect (void between plate) or even the virtual particle / anti particle pair in the void (Heisenberg uncertainty principle).

ETA: and where did he take his principle 1 ? AFAIK it isn't necessary to have infinite gravity speed to explain the universe, and neither do we pretend event billion of light year away influence us (instantly or not, so far it must be totally negligible).

ETAETA: the model does not imply the universe is only 13.7 billion LY wide, we actually know it is much wider , with an estimated minimum width of 28+ bly (if cyclic).

ETAETAETA: OK I agree with the other it is useless to answer.
 
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So, I get this e-mail at my school account from someone (not sure if he's a teacher or not; lists as in our district but I can't find a location for him):

Just look for signs along the way.

As a philosopher of science and as an individual interested in the education of our children, there is an issue that needs to be considered carefully.

Neutral so far.

Is the single big bang/single expanding universe/finite cosmos model a scientific model?

Now, if this was a serious enquiry, the next step would be to explore the evidence for and against the expanding universe model, and to see whether it represents the best model we have available at present. If it was pseudoscience, the next step would be to present an irrelevant argument to try to cast unreasonable doubt on it.

I may be from the "old" school, but I was taught that in science, something comes from something. There are no exceptions.

Like this.

I have proposed that big bangs come from black holes that have grown too large to hold their energy, never include the entire cosmos, represent natures's largest cycle, and evidences itself by the large voids we see in 3D cosmic maps. My model may not be correct, but at least it is scientific.

Clearly this is a different definition of the word "scientific" than the common one. At this point, the burden of proof falls on the author to present evidence in favour of his own model, which he doesn't go on to do. His evidence against existing models is, of course, rubbish.

1. The Speed of Gravity Issue
Most physicist believe that the speed of gravity is the same as the speed of light. Yet cosmologist must assume an infinite speed of gravity, as that is the only way distant objects and events could have any gravitational relationship to planet Earth and our Milky Way Galaxy. If there is any limit to the speed of gravity then there is a limit to how much material could be included in any one event.

This is utter nonsense. If the speed of the gravitational interaction is c, then we experience the gravitational attraction from distant objects occupying the positions they occupied at a point in time t=d/c ago. This is actually rather useful, because we observe them at the same location.

2. The Cone of Knowledge Problem
The cone of knowledge concept makes us aware that we can only have knowledge of those physical systems and events whose light has had time to reach us. All other events and physical systems are therefore beyond our knowledge. The single big bang model assumes we can see everything that exists. If there is anything beyond what we can see, the single big bang model has no answer.

Even if the reasoning here were correct, at worst it's a conditional statement: the possibility of observing the entire universe would be a necessary condition of the big bang theory. Since this has not actually been shown to be false, there is no problem.

3. The Not Enough Time Issue
a. Not too far from here, along the Toltec and Cumbres railroad, there are granite deposits that are said to be 3.5 billion years old. If the entire cosmos is only 13.7 billion years old, then this rock represents one fourth of everything that has ever existed. Impossible.

This is close to incoherency. The rock is one-quarter the age of the universe, not one-quarter of its content.

b. Different elements are made in different star types and the higher elements must have traveled through multiple star systems to form. Since most stars have lifetimes measured in billions of years, there has not been enough time for all known natural elements to form.

This one is self-refuting. Since the age of the universe is 13.7 billion years, there has therefore been time for multiple generations of stars to form, particularly considering that even the author admits that 'most' stars have lifetimes in billions of years, not all. This is simple innumeracy.

c. When cosmologist say that a super galaxy cluster is X billion light years away, they never add the age of the structure to the time its light has taken to get to us. A super galaxy cluster surely must represent trillions of Earth years and is therefore "older" than the age of the "universe."

And so is this. The author assumes that a supercluster 'must represent' trillions of years without any reasoning.

The cosmos is infinite in both space and time even if universes come and go.
There are many other issues that I and others see as problems for the finite cosmos model currently so popular. But the real issue is what do we teach our children? Do we tell them they are born into a finite cosmos, with all of the limitations that concept implies? Or do we tell them they are spirits born into an infinite cosmos and the only limits are those limitations they allow within their own minds. I personally think it is critical to the survival of our species to see ourselves as infinite beings in an infinite cosmos. But what do we teach our children?

And this, I think, is the moralistic fallacy in classic form. We should teach our children what is the best knowledge we have available about the nature of the universe. Teaching that the universe is the way we want it to be, rather than the way the best evidence tells us it is, constitutes religion rather than science.

Not sure what this guy is getting at. Any suggestions or thoughts? I think it's a hacker and/or rabble-rouser who knows even less about science than I do.

He's innumerate, has a thoroughly flawed understanding of science, and believes that his own half-formed ideas are of greater value than the accumulated knowledge of generations. His ideas are useless, and I would recommend that you simply ignore him.

Dave
 
<snip>

ETAETA: the model does not imply the universe is only 13.7 billion LY wide, we actually know it is much wider , with an estimated minimum width of 28+ bly (if cyclic).

<snip>

Actually the 13.7 billion LY is the radius. So the width (aka the diameter) is twice that. ;)
 
As a philosopher of science and as an individual interested in the education of our children, there is an issue that needs to be considered carefully. Is the single big bang/single expanding universe/finite cosmos model a scientific model? I may be from the "old" school, but I was taught that in science, something comes from something. There are no exceptions.

I'm curious, where was he actually taught this?

I didn't take every science class possible at the UNI or in grad school (although I did in high school - we had a small high school without many options), but I don't ever recall hearing this in any of the math, biology, physics, chemistry, or computer courses I have taken. I don't know what he means by a "philosopher of science" but I do have a Ph.D. in a scientific field, and am currently a scientist and educator. So I would like to know, where is it taught in science that "something comes from something. There are no exceptions"? Because wherever that is, apparently, I missed it.
 
So I would like to know, where is it taught in science that "something comes from something. There are no exceptions"? Because wherever that is, apparently, I missed it.

It's the corollary to Billy Prestons "Nothing From Nothing"

Nothing from nothing leaves nothing
You gotta have something if you wanna be with me


Probably why he sent it to the music teacher.

At least your emails don't totally suck :(
 
Did whoever this was send it to everyone in the district, or were you the lucky winner?

Virtually none of the statements are correct; it's amazingly ignorant.

1 and 2 are the exact same problem, that c is too small for us to observe the edges of the universe. That is completely unnecessary, however, as our view (via gravity or light) of the universe has nothing to do with whether it exists or not. We can't see the edge of the universe, and in fact the best guess at its current minimum physical size is 160 billion light years. The rate of expansion of space itself is not constrained by c.

3.a. Huh? Does this mean that since I am 31, I can't own any object that is 7.75 years old, since it would be 1/4th of me? WTF, I thought my watch was getting heavy.

3.b. The types of stars that explode are much larger than the sun. As stars grow larger, they burn fuel exponentially faster. Very large stars last much less than a billion years, only a few million for gigantic stars that likely existed very early in the universe.

3.c. Why should another galaxy take any longer to form than our own? We live in a developed galaxy (the oldest one we can see, by definition.) As we look at more distant galaxies, we see them as they were longer and longer ago (younger and younger, that is.) Their distances are not the same as their ages via point 1/2 above, so adding the two together would not work. Even if it did, it would yield nothing greater than about 80 billion years, which, while much greater than our current best estimate of the age of the universe, is far far far less than the trillions mentioned by your correspondent.

The fundamental idea that "something came from nothing" is wrong as well. The best way we have to describe it is that everything in our entire universe was compacted into an insanely, unimaginably dense region of space that then expanded outward to form what we see today. Something didn't come from nothing, it came from a hellaciously hot, dense ball of everything. This includes things like our physical laws and time, as they break down at the energies and densities involved in the big bang. We simply do not know what was before it, and as far as we can tell there is no way to know. We could be living in one instance of a string of universes reaching back into infinity, or this could be the first and only universe ever. We don't know.

It looks like the guy gets at least a 120, perhaps 140 or more depending on how you categorize some of the statements.

As drkitten said, physics teachers get these all the time. It could be someone in your district or someone who spoofed an email address for the district. Not sure what they were hoping to accomplish by emailing a teacher, particularly a music teacher. No offense intended to you, but in what way would this possibly have any impact on what the kids learn?
 
I'm a physics teacher/professor, and I've gotten stuff like this before.

This is a perfect example of why the keyboard is equipped with a "delete" key.
 
Actually the 13.7 billion LY is the radius. So the width (aka the diameter) is twice that. ;)

This is a common misconception. The 27+ BLY diameter is the size of the observable universe as seen by the light from distant objects that has finally reached us within the lifetime of the universe.

The actual diameter of the known universe, taking into account universal expansion for those 13.7 BY since the big bang, is closer to about 90 BLY. That is, an object that we see as being at the edge of our vision, time-wise, would be seen roughly 13 BLY away, when it is actually about 45 BLY away from us at the present time.

Basically, what has happened is that these objects emitted their light long ago and then moved with the expanding space-time of the universe from that initial position to a new position. During the time they were moving along, the light they emitted gradually traveled to us, billions of years later. So, in this sense, we're playing "catch up" (in both space & time) when attempting to look at distant objects in the universe. It would be like you take a photograph of someone, but you can't look at it until many years later after they've both aged and moved away.

I hope this makes sense. Let me know if it needs more clarification.
 
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