I have some questions about organic food:
1) Is it healthier for you?
2) Is it better for the environment?
3) Is it worth the extra cost?
4) In the Grand Scheme of Things, is organic food good, neutral, or bad?
1) Maybe. Organic produce tends to be fresher, which means more vitamins and minerals than less fresh produce.
Because pesticides approved for organic use tend to break down much quicker in the environment, organic produce tends to have much less (2/3 less) pesticide residue than conventionally grown produce.
Here's a link:
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=health&res=9C04EEDC1530F93BA35756C0A9649C8B63
Whether that is actually "healthier" or not, of course, depends on the particular pesticide and how it reacts in human bodies. Previously approved conventional agriculture pesticides like lindane, dursban, diazanon, or kelthane have been removed from the market because of later found human health risks. Because of this, I tend to believe that just because a particular pesticide is approved for agricultural use
now does not mean that it is actually safe for human consumption.
I personally think that minimizing the amounts of pesticides you eat is probably a good idea. I believe it is "healthier".
2) Sometimes. Organic farming is a method of farming that concentrates on improved soil structure and fertility, minimizing off farm inputs, and reclaiming and returning nutrients back to the soil. These methods reduce soil erosion, minimize runoff and reduce the amount of nutrients and pesticides that can leech into water tables. Organic practises also concentrate on cultural and biological solutions to problems, for example choosing a variety of plant that is resistant to local common fungal infections rather than choosing to spray fungicide, which lessens the amounts of pesticides transferred to and stored on farms, which reduces the risks associated with spills, accidents and misuse, as well as their approved use.
3) I think something to keep in mind when considering the cost is that there are very few subsidies available to organic farmers. Out of the around $16 billion of U.S. subsidies to farmers, only about $20 million went to organic agriculture. ($5m to assist certification and $15m for research for the next 5 years), so when you buy organic produce, you are actually paying a more "real" cost of growing, storing and transporting that food, vs the subsidized price you pay for more conventionally grown foods. Should the U.S. start to subsidize organic farmers or should they reduce the amount of subsidies for conventionally grown products, the consumer price for organic vs conventionally grown will probably grow closer.
4) In the grand scheme of things, organic farming in developed nations has created a system whereby consumers can buy a high quality product for which small and medium sized farmers can actually charge a price that allows them to stay in business without subsidation. In less developed countries organic farming methods allow farmers to produce high quality food products with less cash money up front, which can allow them to keep their land producing food for their communities.
I consider both of those things to be "good" things.