Merged Hyperglycemia/Insulin resistance

[Kumar]

Hello,

Following are the indicated actions of insulin. There can be more insulin secretion in insulin resistant diabetics type2, naturally or by medication programme. As such, will such more insulin enhance following actions and can there be some adversties due to more or increased exposure of insulin?

Actions on cellular and metabolic level:

The actions of insulin on the global human metabolism level include:

Control of cellular intake of certain substances, most prominently glucose in muscle and adipose tissue (about ⅔ of body cells).
Increase of DNA replication and protein synthesis via control of amino acid uptake.
Modification of the activity of numerous enzymes (allosteric effect).

The actions of insulin on cells include:

Increased glycogen synthesis – insulin forces storage of glucose in liver (and muscle) cells in the form of glycogen; lowered levels of insulin cause liver cells to convert glycogen to glucose and excrete it into the blood. This is the clinical action of insulin which is directly useful in reducing high blood glucose levels as in diabetes.

Increased fatty acid synthesis – insulin forces fat cells to take in blood lipids which are converted to triglycerides; lack of insulin causes the reverse.

Increased esterification of fatty acids – forces adipose tissue to make fats (i.e., triglycerides) from fatty acid esters; lack of insulin causes the reverse.

Decreased proteinolysis – forces reduction of protein degradation; lack of insulin increases protein degradation.

Decreased lipolysis – forces reduction in conversion of fat cell lipid stores into blood fatty acids; lack of insulin causes the reverse.
Decreased gluconeogenesis – decreases production of glucose from non-sugar substrates, primarily in the liver (remember, the vast majority of endogenous insulin ariving at the liver never leaves the liver) ; lack of insulin causes glucose production from assorted substrates in the liver and elsewhere.

Increased amino acid uptake – forces cells to absorb circulating amino acids; lack of insulin inhibits absorption.

Increased potassium uptake – forces cells to absorb serum potassium; lack of insulin inhibits absorption.

Arterial muscle tone – forces arterial wall muscle to relax, increasing blood flow, especially in micro arteries; lack of insulin reduces flow by allowing these muscles to contract.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin

Whether all above actions are depandent on amount og glucose uptake into target cells?

If not, will enhancement of other actions than glucose uptake, be more harmful due to increased insulin or elevated gulucose levels with less insulin as per natural secretion?

Best wishes.

 

[Zep]

For those who have not Kumar'ed before, insulin is one of his original favourite topics, and one of his least understood (if that's conceivably possible).

We did discover that Kumar is probably a diabetic himself, hence the interest in the subject.

 

[MRC_Hans]

Against much better knowledge, I will try to answer Kumar's questions (inasmuch as they are legible).

Hello,

Following are the indicated actions of insulin. There can be more insulin secretion in insulin resistant diabetics type2, naturally or by medication programme. As such, will such more insulin enhance following actions and can there be some adversties due to more or increased exposure of insulin?

Yes, the increased insulin will enhance the actions of insulin as listed.

No, there are no direct adversities due to this.

Whether all above actions are depandent on amount og glucose uptake into target cells?

The question does not make sense. Avoid sweeping questions, be specific.

If not, will enhancement of other actions than glucose uptake, be more harmful due to increased insulin or elevated gulucose levels with less insulin as per natural secretion?

There are generally no harmful direct effects of insulin, except, of course, hypoglucheamia.

Hans

 

[Kumar]

Against much better knowledge, I will try to answer Kumar's questions (inasmuch as they are legible).



Yes, the increased insulin will enhance the actions of insulin as listed.

No, there are no direct adversities due to this.

Thanks. Can you tell more, how such enhancement is without adversities?

The question does not make sense. Avoid sweeping questions, be specific.

I wanted to know, if all these actions are dependant on more or less glucose uptake by target cells?

There are generally no harmful direct effects of insulin, except, of course, hypoglucheamia.

Hans

How, when so many other actions are indicated, why there will not be other irregularities related to other actions on increased insulin's exposure?

 

[Rolfe]

Good for you, Hans.

As I said in another thread, I've already wasted hours of my life I won't get back, trying to explain the actions of insulin to Kumar. (I'm a clinical biochemist.) Because the reality I was explaining didn't agree with his fantasies, he ended up insulting me, and accusing me of vested interests.

Kumar, since you have such a low opinion of the posters on this forum, why do you come here asking for validation? You know you will refuse to accept anything you don't like, no matter how well researched and well referenced. So what's the point?

Rolfe.

 

[Taffer]

Another insulin thread? NOOOOOOOO!

I call MC time, at post 4. I saw the last one of these threads.

Kumar, what is your point in asking these questions?

 

[Kumar]

Good for you, Hans.

As I said in another thread, I've already wasted hours of my life I won't get back, trying to explain the actions of insulin to Kumar. (I'm a clinical biochemist.) Because the reality I was explaining didn't agree with his fantasies, he ended up insulting me, and accusing me of vested interests.

Kumar, since you have such a low opinion of the posters on this forum, why do you come here asking for validation? You know you will refuse to accept anything you don't like, no matter how well researched and well referenced. So what's the point?

Rolfe.

Please copy and paste here, if you have replied on this issue. Now I am bit improved in understanding these. In all above insulin' actions, if first step is uptake of glucose by target cells, then whatever mr hans said is ok, otherwise other instabilities may be possible. Problem can be that, one may not get hypoglycemia due to insulin resistance, therefore other actions may go on happening. As such we may not even be compare it with complications due to hyperinsulinemia.

This is something I posted for you.

 

[Kumar]

Another insulin thread? NOOOOOOOO!

I call MC time, at post 4. I saw the last one of these threads.

Kumar, what is your point in asking these questions?

I can't tell. It can odd to most. In myself, I am bit doubtful about diabetological indications.

 

[Beerina]

Please copy and paste here, if you have replied on this issue. Now I am bit improved in understanding these. In all above insulin' actions, if first step is uptake of glucose by target cells, then whatever mr hans said is ok, otherwise other instabilities may be possible. Problem can be that, one may not get hypoglycemia due to insulin resistance, therefore other actions may go on happening. As such we may not even be compare it with complications due to hyperinsulinemia.

This is something I posted for you.

So what's your point? Are you concerned that the extra insulin added to the body for glucose control, might amplify the other effects, which might be bad?

Well, possibly. I suppose the next step is to see the net effect of it on diabetics, to see if they end up living longer, healthier, and better quality lives, even with said downsides. What? They do? Wow.

Isn't science wonderful!

 

[Gurdur]

It can odd to most.

Well, yes.

 

[Rolfe]

Please copy and paste here, if you have replied on this issue. Now I am bit improved in understanding these. In all above insulin' actions, if first step is uptake of glucose by target cells, then whatever mr hans said is ok, otherwise other instabilities may be possible. Problem can be that, one may not get hypoglycemia due to insulin resistance, therefore other actions may go on happening. As such we may not even be compare it with complications due to hyperinsulinemia.

This is something I posted for you.

No, Kumar. Not again.

Go read a book.

Rolfe.

 

[Kumar]

So what's your point? Are you concerned that the extra insulin added to the body for glucose control, might amplify the other effects, which might be bad?

Well, possibly. I suppose the next step is to see the net effect of it on diabetics, to see if they end up living longer, healthier, and better quality lives, even with said downsides. What? They do? Wow.

Isn't science wonderful!

Then tell me, what is good and what is bad? Whether fats are good?

 

[Kumar]

No, Kumar. Not again.

Go read a book.

Rolfe.

I thought, you alone would be getting bored.

If you prefer to just be a spectator, never mind. I can manage.

 

[Silly Green Monkey]

I made an ornament for the chemistry department's christmas tree one year of an insulin receptor, out of pipe cleaners and bells.

 

[Muppet]

Water on geese, but here goes anyway

Since your interested in insulin resistance I'm gonna assume your diabetes type 2 (insulin secreting diabetes, type 1's don't make their own insulin).

Insulin resistance is basically the down-regulation (look it up if you don't understand) of insulin receptors due to constant (or repeated) high levels. The effect of this is that insulin loses much of its effectiveness and so it becomes kinda like there is no insulin at all working, that is diabetes type2 (for dummies .

If you are insulin resistant thats likely to be a global effect, ie ALL activities of insulin are reduced in much the same way because all receptors are exposed to the same amount.

And no, if you are insulin resistant, your much less likely to get hypoglycemia.

There is also no "first step" of insulin activity, basically it has multiple functions in multiple organs at the same time.

If you have a diagnosis of diabetes, don't go questioning it and finding alternative medicines (or "remedies"), its a well-managed disease and most people live a relatively normal life with it.

 

[Dr. Imago]

Kumar,

There are only three things you need to know:

1) When you hear hoofbeats, think horses not zebras.

2) The solution to pollution is dilution.

3) If what you're doing is working, keep doing it. If what you're doing isn't working, stop doing it. If you don't know what to do, don't do anything at all.

If you can master those concepts, you are ready to see patients on the wards.

-Dr. Imago

 

[Kumar]

Water on geese, but here goes anyway

Since your interested in insulin resistance I'm gonna assume your diabetes type 2 (insulin secreting diabetes, type 1's don't make their own insulin).

Yes.

Insulin resistance is basically the down-regulation (look it up if you don't understand) of insulin receptors due to constant (or repeated) high levels. The effect of this is that insulin loses much of its effectiveness and so it becomes kinda like there is no insulin at all working, that is diabetes type2 (for dummies .

Whether down-regulation is as a result of constant or repeated high levels of insulin or of glucose?

Whether such higher exposure of insulin/glucose can trigger normal negative feedback type mechanism of reducing effectiveness of insulin to resist or avoid excessive uptake by target cells?

If you are insulin resistant thats likely to be a global effect, ie ALL activities of insulin are reduced in much the same way because all receptors are exposed to the same amount.

Adipose tissues are different. Glycogen stores are also different. Are you sure all indicated actions of insulin are affected on getting insulin resistance similar to decreased glucose uptake?

And no, if you are insulin resistant, your much less likely to get hypoglycemia.

There is also no "first step" of insulin activity, basically it has multiple functions in multiple organs at the same time.

If you have a diagnosis of diabetes, don't go questioning it and finding alternative medicines (or "remedies"), its a well-managed disease and most people live a relatively normal life with it.

If it works on different organs, how can we say, insulin resistance is on all part/type of cells?

 

[Kumar]

Kumar,

There are only three things you need to know:

1) When you hear hoofbeats, think horses not zebras.

2) The solution to pollution is dilution.

3) If what you're doing is working, keep doing it. If what you're doing isn't working, stop doing it. If you don't know what to do, don't do anything at all.

If you can master those concepts, you are ready to see patients on the wards.

-Dr. Imago

Good words thanks. But for getting new knowledges and clariries, we may to override few of above.

 

[ImaginalDisc]

Kumar, I tire of your insulin!

 

[Kumar]

Kumar, I tire of your insulin!

You shouldn't till everything about it is clear absolutely and finally or diabetes2 goes?

Which out of these can be responsible for getting insulin resistance, higher glucose or increased insuin levels or otherwise defect?