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Illuminator
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Ice as a protocellular medium for RNA replication
James Attwater , Aniela Wochner , Vitor B. Pinheiro , Alan Coulson & Philipp Holliger
AbstractA crucial transition in the origin of life was the emergence of an informational polymer capable of self-replication and its compartmentalization within protocellular structures. We show that the physicochemical properties of ice, a simple medium widespread on a temperate early Earth, could have mediated this transition prior to the advent of membraneous protocells.
LINKThe hot spot for life on early Earth may have been a very cold place. Tiny pockets and channels that form inside ice can contain and protect replicating molecules, researchers report September 21 in Nature Communications.
The paper suggests that life could have sprung from icy slush covering a freshwater lake, rather than a broiling deep-sea hydrothermal vent or the “warm little pond” proposed by Charles Darwin. And perhaps the frigid, icy surfaces of other planets are not as barren as they appear, proposes the research team from the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England.
Another interesting theory for abiogenesis: ICE
My hovercraft is full of eels.cute......
most anyone can walk on H2O when ICE
as well to comprehend how mass/energy work, then abiogenesis is elementary
Kind of like to comprehend an abiogenesis to the molecular level, makes an evolution a natural progression within an environment.
The fractal is a fine method to identify the analogy of how energy combines mass (crystals). The old consider the combining a reduction, the correct comprehension is the energy is sustaining upon mass.
ie...... abiogenesis is not a matter of proof but a matter of comprehending how mass/energy (em) works.
My hovercraft is full of eels.
The theory is that small amounts of liquid persists even at sixty below
(Fahrenheit) and simple molecules could have assembled into longer
chains. To the doubters, the article states: ..."strange things happen
when you freeze chemicals in ice. Some reactions slow down, but others
actually speed up -- especially reactions that involve joining small
molecules into larger ones .. by a process called eutectic freezing. As
an ice crystal forms, it stays pure: Only molecules of water join the
growing crystal, while impurities like salt or cyanide are excluded.
These impurities become crowded in microscopic pockets ... caus[ing] the
molecules to collide more often. Chemically speaking, it transforms a
tepid seventh-grade school dance into a raging molecular mosh pit."
Normally chemical reaction rates slow down as temperature falls, but
eutectic freezing can create liquid pockets of highly concentrated
chemicals, and reaction rates *increase* when concentrations increase,
more than compensating for the slowdown.
And the abiogenesis is molecular energy level sustaining crystals progression environment of fractal mass.cute......
most anyone can walk on H2O when ICE
as well to comprehend how mass/energy work, then abiogenesis is elementary
Kind of like to comprehend an abiogenesis to the molecular level, makes an evolution a natural progression within an environment.
The fractal is a fine method to identify the analogy of how energy combines mass (crystals). The old consider the combining a reduction, the correct comprehension is the energy is sustaining upon mass.
ie...... abiogenesis is not a matter of proof but a matter of comprehending how mass/energy (em) works.
no wonder you cant sit up straight
And the abiogenesis is molecular energy level sustaining crystals progression environment of fractal mass.
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In nature
Approximate fractals are easily found in nature. These objects display self-similar structure over an extended, but finite, scale range. Examples include clouds, snow flakes, crystals, mountain ranges, lightning, river networks, cauliflower or broccoli, and systems of blood vessels and pulmonary vessels. Coastlines may be loosely considered fractal in nature.
Trees and ferns are fractal in nature and can be modeled on a computer by using a recursive algorithm. This recursive nature is obvious in these examples—a branch from a tree or a frond from a fern is a miniature replica of the whole: not identical, but similar in nature. The connection between fractals and leaves are currently being used to determine how much carbon is contained in trees.[5]
In 1999, certain self similar fractal shapes were shown to have a property of "frequency invariance"—the same electromagnetic properties no matter what the frequency—from Maxwell's equations (see fractal antenna).
Nonsense is not on-topic. Therefore, communicating with Bishadi will generally not provoke on-topic responses. Thus, it would be unwise to communicate with Bishadi.
That's why I killfiled him.Nonsense is not on-topic. Therefore, communicating with Bishadi will generally not provoke on-topic responses. Thus, it would be unwise to communicate with Bishadi.
There are two questions that immediately pop into my mind about this. First, ice cools things down, which slows reaction rates in wet chemistry. RNA/DNA are almost always in a wet environment, so they'd be slowed down as well, right?
Secondly, was there really that much ice back then? I mean, we have evidence of life at 3.9 billion years ago, towards the end of the Hadean. That time period's name says all there really is to tell about that time period--the Earth had just gained its solid shell (for the last time; could have been re-melted a few times prior to that). There's always the possibility that the protocontinents had water on them (I'm imagining a raft of mafic rock in a sea of lava, with a water sea in the middle), but I somehow doubt that. How much ice was there?
Without sufficient greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere, the early Earth would have become a permanently
frozen planet because the young Sun was less luminous than it
is today. Several resolutions to this faint young Sun-frozen
Earth paradox have been proposed, with an atmosphere rich in
CO2 being the one generally favored. However, these models
assume that there were no mechanisms for melting a once
frozen ocean. Here we show that bolide impacts between about
3.6 and 4.0 billion years ago could have episodically melted an
ice-covered early ocean. Thaw-freeze cycles associated with
bolide impacts could have been important for the initiation of
abiotic reactions that gave rise to the first living organisms.
Here is one answer:
I share Dinwar's skepticism about this theory - also, I think I have seen it around before and I do not see how it fits onto the fossil time line.
The very early earth was full of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases and was warmer than it is now; there is not thought to have been any ice around at the time. The first, not very clear, microfossil evidence of life on earth was about 3.8 Bya; much clearer evidence dates from about 3.5 Bya. This is likely to have arisen in an ice free environment. The great oxygenation event was about 2.3 to 1.8 Bya, when the carbon dioxide levels were falling and the oxygen levels began to rise. The first snowball earth events followed the decline in the CO2.
How does this theory fit with that time line?
According to the authors of the above paper, "the early Earth would have become a permanently frozen planet because the young Sun was less luminous than it is today." I have no expertise in this area. Is there evidence to the contrary?