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A mental experiment about free will

Peskanov

Critical Thinker
Joined
Dec 30, 2002
Messages
497
Hello everybody; I have been reading most this forum for a while, and I've seen most of the discussions finish talking about the "free will" concept.
UCE and others seems to imply that determinism forbids free will, which is an observable human quality, and they offer the soul concept as the solution.
IMO the problem is that most people try to use "freedom" as an absolute concept, while it should be always used as relative.
To show that absolute freedom in free will is a paradox I propose this mental experiment. Take note that this is not my own model; IMO the human brain is deterministic in quality, like a computer.

Let's guess that the study of the brain shows that the somewhat unpredictable nature of the sub-atomic world is meaningful at the behaviour level, and let guess we learn that this phenomena can't be assumed as random. We learn that an unkown (in our physical models) set of forces is acting in the brain. Let's say this set of forces is evidence of a system we call "soul".
Now, let's make some hypothesis:
1.- Soul is a truly deterministic system. The nature of soul is rigid and has his own set of rigid relations. Therefore, absolute freedom has no meaning. Every action has one/several causes.
2.- Soul is a random system, and some other system acta as filter in the relation with our known physical system. This soul could be said to be free, as it doesn't have any restriction in its decision framework. The problem is that a random system CAN'T show any degree of coherence, as human mind does; hence, this hypothesis can be discarded.
3.- Soul is a partially random system. Some relations of this system are unpredictable, but of finite nature. Hence, free, unrestricted behaviour can happen BUT in a restricted enviromnet. Like a ship, which can move freely over water surface, but has a whole dimension (height) forbidden.

As I said, the purpose of the experiment is to show that "free will" as an absolute is not a conceivable or useful concept.
Why? Because, as shown by the experiment, at the end, only "absolute freedom = pure randomness" makes sense taking the terms to the absolute.
Is randomness a desirable concept to explain the human mind? If it is, do we need a external system (soul) to find this randomness?
My opinion is that soul concept just push the problem a level up, which is useless. Like the god theory, we create a unknown entity (the soul) and we attribute it with every quality we can't explain at the moment. In the past, memory, thought, and feelings were attributes of the soul, not of the brain. Now, most people say the soul is just the conscience, which owns the will.

Is the will random or deterministic?
No matter which is the solution, the soul concept does NOT help to solve it, nor it's needed!

I hope this focus provides som new though on the question of free will. As everybody seem to focus on "no evidence of soul", I think this side of the problem has been overlooked...
 
Peskanov said:
Hello everybody; I have been reading most this forum for a while, and I've seen most of the discussions finish talking about the "free will" concept.

Hello, welcome. You jump right into the fray. The reason so many discussions end this way is that it seems imperative to a few people to deny free will.

UCE and others seems to imply that determinism forbids free will, which is an observable human quality, and they offer the soul concept as the solution.
IMO the problem is that most people try to use "freedom" as an absolute concept, while it should be always used as relative.

I think the problem is that some people like to use the straw man that free will equals random behaviour.

To show that absolute freedom in free will is a paradox I propose this mental experiment. Take note that this is not my own model; IMO the human brain is deterministic in quality, like a computer.

OK, its just that the human brain doesnt seem very deterministic, but we cant know for sure

Let's guess that the study of the brain shows that the somewhat unpredictable nature of the sub-atomic world is meaningful at the behaviour level, and let guess we learn that this phenomena can't be assumed as random. We learn that an unkown (in our physical models) set of forces is acting in the brain. Let's say this set of forces is evidence of a system we call "soul".

Quite a lot of presumptions, but no problem..

Now, let's make some hypothesis:
1.- Soul is a truly deterministic system. The nature of soul is rigid and has his own set of rigid relations. Therefore, absolute freedom has no meaning. Every action has one/several causes.
2.- Soul is a random system, and some other system acta as filter in the relation with our known physical system. This soul could be said to be free, as it doesn't have any restriction in its decision framework. The problem is that a random system CAN'T show any degree of coherence, as human mind does; hence, this hypothesis can be discarded.
3.- Soul is a partially random system. Some relations of this system are unpredictable, but of finite nature. Hence, free, unrestricted behaviour can happen BUT in a restricted enviromnet. Like a ship, which can move freely over water surface, but has a whole dimension (height) forbidden.

Well these three suggestions seem to cover it, but since you did not presuppose anything about the properties of the hypothetical soul, there is really no way to choose the right one. According to your presumption that non-deterministic properties in the QM level have some impact on the function of the mind, I suppose we can rule out #1.

As I said, the purpose of the experiment is to show that "free will" as an absolute is not a conceivable or useful concept.
Why? Because, as shown by the experiment, at the end, only "absolute freedom = pure randomness" makes sense taking the terms to the absolute.
Is randomness a desirable concept to explain the human mind? If it is, do we need a external system (soul) to find this randomness?

I am not able to see that the experiment leads to any conclusion (as noted above). Adding a soul is not parsimonious, but attributing an observed quality to an unknown factor is quite acceptable, if said quality cannot be explained using known factors. The way I read you, you also seem to claim that we must choose between "purely random" and "purely deterministic"; I disagree on this: Most things are probabilistic.

My opinion is that soul concept just push the problem a level up, which is useless. Like the god theory, we create a unknown entity (the soul) and we attribute it with every quality we can't explain at the moment. In the past, memory, thought, and feelings were attributes of the soul, not of the brain. Now, most people say the soul is just the conscience, which owns the will.

Is the will random or deterministic?
No matter which is the solution, the soul concept does NOT help to solve it, nor it's needed!

I hope this focus provides som new though on the question of free will. As everybody seem to focus on "no evidence of soul", I think this side of the problem has been overlooked...

Basically, I agree that the discussion of soul and the discussion of free will are separate issues

Cheers,
Hans
 
Hi Peskanov.

I'm not sure your experiment is very useful because it limits the characteristics of the soul to either determinism or randomness. We already know that the physical world is either deterministic, random or a combination of both, and it has been stated many times that neither randomness nor determinism leave any scope for Free Will. For Free Will to be Free it has to have a characteristic which goes beyond both of these things - it doesn't make any difference whether the soul is random or determinstic.

Geoff.
 
UCE,

I'm not sure your experiment is very useful because it limits the characteristics of the soul to either determinism or randomness. We already know that the physical world is either deterministic, random or a combination of both, and it has been stated many times that neither randomness nor determinism leave any scope for Free Will. For Free Will to be Free it has to have a characteristic which goes beyond both of these things - it doesn't make any difference whether the soul is random or determinstic.

Unfortunately, random and nondeterministic mean exactly the same thing.

Dr. Stupid
 
wraith said:


what does this mean?
;)

It means that neither being a slave to determinism nor being at the whim of quantum randomness amounts to Free Will.
 
UndercoverElephant said:


It means that neither being a slave to determinism nor being at the whim of quantum randomness amounts to Free Will.

Ive never heard of anyone who believed in determinism and claimed free-will myself :eek:
 
Stimpson J. Cat said:
Unfortunately, random and nondeterministic mean exactly the same thing
Depends on the context. In computational complexity they mean two different things. A non-deterministic machine is one where there may be more than one alternative for the machine to choose, and intuitively it always makes the "correct choice". You get a random or probabilistic machine by making the machine to make the choice according to some probability distribution.

In most cases you can remove the "true" nondeterminism by constructing a deterministic machine that is (potentially) exponentially larger than the original one.
 
What about actual experiments about free will?

http://216.239.33.100/search?q=cach...pdf+tms+experiment+"free+will"&hl=es&ie=UTF-8

"Freely Chosen Movements Can Be Externally Biased Without Perception of Influence The phenomenon that transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can bias motor choice was first reported by Ammon and Gandevia.(Ammon and Gandevia 1990) Subjects were asked to movement right or left hand randomly upon hearing the click of the magnetic coil. There was a bias to right hand movement with left hemisphere stimulation and to left hand movement with right hemisphere stimulation. We pursued this phenomenon to learn more of its physiology.(Brasil-Neto et al. 1992) The task consisted of extension of an index finger in response to the click produced by the discharge of the magnetic coil (go-signal). The subjects were asked to choose the right or left finger randomly, and only after the go-signal was delivered!"
 
re:

MRC_Hans wrote:

Basically, I agree that the discussion of soul and the discussion of free will are separate issues

--

Well, you hit on the nail! This was the main purpose of the idea, to show that no matter how do you make the soul hypothesis, the free will concept problems remain the same.


UCE wrote:
I'm not sure your experiment is very useful because it limits the characteristics of the soul to either determinism or randomness. We already know that the physical world is either deterministic, random or a combination of both. For Free Will to be Free it has to have a characteristic which goes beyond both of these things - it doesn't make any difference whether the soul is random or determinstic.

--

But determinism or randomness are basic concepts we use in all thinking. I mean, we imagine entitities and relations between them, and sometimes we try to adjust these models to the world. Mathematics for example describe relations and entities not found in our known nature.
Between logical, probabilistic and pure random relations, I think all the posibilities are covered. We can't even make hypothesis beyond that. Have you any idea about other posibilities?

1.- A always implies B
2.- B has some random degree, with X% chances of happening after A.
3.- B is a totally random (independent of A or any other entity).

In fact you could resume all 3 into 1, saying that all is probabilistic, and option 1 has 100% in probabilities and 3 has 0% ( or chance is infinitely small?).
Which more relations can we conceive outside of this?


Lucifuge Rofocale wrote:

What about actual experiments about free will?

--

Well, the purpose of my post to find was to split soul/free will, but also to find that the "free will" concept is being used paradoxically. I mean, without restrictions, "free" loss any useful meaning as it becomes "random", and random has few interest.
I think I should have resisted the temtation to especify a possible physical reality, as I wanted to address only the problem in the semantic/logical level...
Maybe I will participate in other thread about mind/free will/conscience with my knowledge about neural net and computers, but in this thread I would like to find if is posible to isolate a clear paradox in the use of "free will".

Is not clear that:
Totally unrestricted behaviour = no cause->effect = randomness?
 
Have you any idea about other posibilities?

Yes. What if the physical world is considered to be a finite algorithm, and the thing which has Free Will has the characteristic of Infiniteness?

If it is Infinite it can 'Will' itself to be whatever 'value' it needs to be in order to impose its will.

:)
 
re:

HRC_Hans wrote:

OK, its just that the human brain doesnt seem very deterministic, but we cant know for sure

--

I forgot to to make a note about that, although it's outside the scope of my original question.
Why the brain seems not deterministic?
The basis of neural activity were identified, isolated an reproduced by minsky & co. decades ago. Even small artificial neural nets display extremely confussing and unexpected behaviour. Neural nets feedback themselves, "learn", and there are not short rules/algorithms to predict any output at time T. The whole sequence has to be repeated point by point to obtain the same data, and this in an empirical deterministic system (digital electronics with error control).
A similar behaviour than biological neural nets show...

UCE wrote:


Yes. What if the physical world is considered to be a finite algorithm, and the thing which has Free Will has the characteristic of Infiniteness?

If it is Infinite it can 'Will' itself to be whatever 'value' it needs to be in order to impose its will.

--

This is hard for me. I don't know if I understand what you are implying.
You are saying:
- System A: The world, a finite algorithm: this is, a finite system, finite number of entities and relations.
- System B: The origin of the will: an external system which has infinite entities/ infinite relations/ both of them.

To have influence in A, B has to reach a finite number of relations involving finite time, therefore this subset of B has the same posible qualities than any other finite system (at least in a value of T; you could argue the number of relations is infinite for infinite time). The "will" is then the result of a finite system, which bring us back to the my first statements.
Ummm...I introduced time in my models. This is surely a Bad Thing (TM).

I have to say that dealing with infinities is not my preferred theme.
I never liked that old saying: "two parallel lines crosses in the infinite". Yeah, go there, come back and tell me... ;)
 
UCE,

Yes. What if the physical world is considered to be a finite algorithm, and the thing which has Free Will has the characteristic of Infiniteness?

If it is Infinite it can 'Will' itself to be whatever 'value' it needs to be in order to impose its will.

Infinity is defined as a mathematical limit. I know of no definition for the word "infinity" that makes sense in the context that you are using it here. Unless you can provide such a definition, your statement is meaningless.

It seems to me that you are just using the word "infinity" as a all-purpose fudge-factor for anything that you cannot logically explain.


LW,

Unfortunately, random and nondeterministic mean exactly the same thing
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Depends on the context. In computational complexity they mean two different things. A non-deterministic machine is one where there may be more than one alternative for the machine to choose, and intuitively it always makes the "correct choice". You get a random or probabilistic machine by making the machine to make the choice according to some probability distribution.

I don't follow you. If the machine is making choices according to some probability distribution, then that is random.

In most cases you can remove the "true" nondeterminism by constructing a deterministic machine that is (potentially) exponentially larger than the original one.

Are you referring to pseudo-randomness, or determinstic chaos, or something? I don't follow you. There's a big difference between a system that is unpredictable due to complexity, and a nondetermistic system.


Dr. Stupid
 
Re: re:

Peskanov said:
Lucifuge Rofocale wrote:

What about actual experiments about free will?

--

Well, the purpose of my post to find was to split soul/free will, but also to find that the "free will" concept is being used paradoxically. I mean, without restrictions, "free" loss any useful meaning as it becomes "random", and random has few interest.
I think I should have resisted the temtation to especify a possible physical reality, as I wanted to address only the problem in the semantic/logical level...
Maybe I will participate in other thread about mind/free will/conscience with my knowledge about neural net and computers, but in this thread I would like to find if is posible to isolate a clear paradox in the use of "free will".

Is not clear that:
Totally unrestricted behaviour = no cause->effect = randomness?

Why discuss semantics when you can TEST?
I started that thread some time ago...but this topic is like the living dead.
 
Re: re:

Peskanov,

I am having as much trouble understanding your reply as you have dealing with my proposed Infinity.

Suffice to say that if anything can confound the laws of physics it is Infinity.

:)
 
Infinity is defined as a mathematical limit. I know of no definition for the word "infinity" that makes sense in the context that you are using it here. Unless you can provide such a definition, your statement is meaningless.

I am not talking about +infinity or -infinity. Those are mathematical limits.

If we talk about MWI then we are talking about an Infinite number of possible 'worldlines'. If we talk about multiverse theory and endless possible configurations of the laws of physics allowing the anthropic principle to select our Universe as the one which supports life then we are talking about a Real Infinity. The Real Infinity of which the objective Universe is a subset. That is the Infinity to which I refer. The Absolute. Infinity itself.
 
re:

UCE wrote:

I am having as much trouble understanding your reply as you have dealing with my proposed Infinity.

Suffice to say that if anything can confound the laws of physics it is Infinity.

--

OK; so let's try to recover the thread and let's go back to the purpose of my experiment..If you wish :)
I feel that free will as you and others use it hides a contradiction/inconsistency somewhere, so I try to build a mental experiment which can show it.
I am not allocating the failure in the aplication to our physical models, but in the concept itself.
As you recognised, we can't model a coherent system which reflect this free will concept with our common object relations: always/maybe/unpredictable.
For me this imposibility is already the death of the concept, but I would like to understand your models to see if I can verify its consistency.
Reading your last post and your reply to Stimpson, can you tell me if you are proposing this model as "free will compatible"?

- The "world" where free will exerts it's influence, is in reality an infinite (or just huge) set or individual worlds or systems in continous exponential multiplication
- The "will" is a system wich just travel or "selects" the world which fits his choice.

Is this the model you are sugesting? One will, infinite worlds?
In this case I believe my experiment still holds up, because to complete the model we have to specify how the "will" select or makes the choice. Again, to take a decision, some mechanism must be described, and again, it must boil down to the relations we can conceive (see previous posts). I can describe a system which makes decisions in any of the 3 flavours of relations, but not outside of them.
I hope this time I am being more clear about my reasonings and why I think the "free will" concept, as an absoulte term, is flawed. I believe we can't conceive any model which will satisfy your requirements.

BTW, famous mathematic Cantor loose his sanity trying to defend his mathematics of infinity against his most conservative peers. The jury seems to be still pondering the real value of his works...a century later. Look what happens when playing with infinity! ;)



Lucifuge Rofocale wrote:

Why discuss semantics when you can TEST?
I started that thread some time ago...but this topic is like the living dead.

OK, but as I am a newbie I still have interest in discussing it :)
IMO, society is pragmatic. People acknowledged the shape of the earth centuries after most astronomers, but they did when evidence was heavy enough.
As I said, methodic studying of the brain stretches the circle over things like soul or free will, and eventully, people will stop wondering about them...But when?
These things are relevant now, so I am interested in untapping flaws in these models.
 
Peskanov...

Yes, Cantor went mad. Godel wasn't far behind him.

The "world" where free will exerts it's influence, is in reality an infinite (or just huge) set or individual worlds or systems in continous exponential multiplication

- The "will" is a system wich just travel or "selects" the world which fits his choice.

Not really. The thing which exerts Free Will IS Infinity. It isn't an infinite set of worlds - it is Infinity itself - the Source of all things, including individual consciousness and will. This may sound crazy, but if you think about what is spoken about by mystics of all traditions then this is precisely what they say : Atman=Brahman, "Thou art That" - the source of individual consciousness is one and the same as the Source of all things - You would find you are Infinity, if only you could stop being you for a while. I still can't really apply your list of options to this model. It seems like you are trying to squeeze Infinity into a box, and it can't be done.

:)
 
UndercoverElephant said:
The thing which exerts Free Will IS Infinity. It isn't an infinite set of worlds - it is Infinity itself - the Source of all things, including individual consciousness and will.

Please explain this to me. I do not understand what you are saying ;)
 

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